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The absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation is called _______________.


A) sensory neglect
B) sensory deprivation
C) retinal disparity
D) perceptual constancy

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The textbook illustrated the production of negative afterimages by suggesting that readers stare at the centre of a green heart, edged in yellow. After 20 seconds, when the gaze was switched to a white paper, there was a "change of heart!" What colours did you "see" in the image of the heart on the white paper? How does opponent-process theory explain this finding?

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The auditory receptors are located in the _______________.


A) cochlea
B) middle ear
C) eardrum
D) oval window

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Aiko is a Japanese national living in Canada. She invites her Canadian friends to her home and the raw oysters, raw smoked salmon, and raw herring that she serves are well received. But when Aiko's guests notice the raw sea urchin and the raw octopus, they get squeamish, even after she explains that they taste good! Explain the differences in taste preferences between Aiko and her American friends.

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Rita's favourite navy-blue sweater is perceived as maintaining its hue whether Rita is outdoors or indoors. But the wavelengths of light reaching Rita's eyes change as the illumination changes. Explain why.

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At the orientation for first-year students, April felt overwhelmed by the number of people, the multiple conversations, and the forms that needed to be completed. April is experiencing _______________.


A) sensory adaptation
B) selective attention
C) sensory overload
D) perceptual constancy

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The actual "detectors" for taste are called _______________.


A) papillae
B) olfactory cells
C) taste buds
D) taste receptor cells

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding audition?


A) Auditory information leaves the ear through the trigeminal nerve.
B) High-pitched sounds are discriminated largely on the basis of where vibration occurs along the basilar membrane.
C) The auditory Gestalt principles are very different from the visual Gestalt principles.
D) Localizing sounds that are directly to the left or right of the head is difficult.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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_______________ is a measure of the smallest amount of energy a person can reliably detect.


A) Absolute threshold
B) Difference threshold
C) Just noticeable difference (jnd)
D) Sensory sensitivity

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Investigators have found that human tongues:


A) can have as few as 500 taste buds or as many as 10,000 taste buds.
B) show variation in sensitivity to taste but not in the number of taste buds.
C) taste subtle flavours, such as vanilla or chocolate, even without the sense of smell.
D) stop creating new taste receptors after about age three.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Karen has suffered from phantom limb pain for several years. She visits a neurologist, who proposes trying a therapeutic treatment developed by Vilayanur Ramachandran. Karen is surprised that this simple treatment uses:


A) a bucket of ice and a bucket of warm water.
B) a mirror.
C) mental visualization and guided meditation.
D) acupuncture needles.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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In a signal detection task, the participant reports a signal and a signal was present. This is called a _______________.


A) hit
B) false alarm
C) miss
D) correct rejection

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The wavelength of light is related to our perception of _______________.


A) hue
B) brightness
C) saturation
D) threshold

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The research about kittens raised in horizontal or vertical environments demonstrates the concept of _______________.


A) sensory adaptation
B) depth perception
C) a perceptual set
D) critical periods

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Like human infants, kittens are born with the ability to detect horizontal lines and vertical lines. In one famous study, kittens were reared in darkness for five months after birth. But for several hours each day, they were put into a special cylinder that permitted them to see only vertical or horizontal lines and nothing else. Describe the results of this research study.

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The Gestalt psychologists belonged to a movement that began in Germany and became influential in the 1920s. What does the word gestalt mean in German and why is it well-suited to this theory? How did Gestalt psychologists study the organization of the visual world? Name four Gestalt principles and give an example that illustrates each principle.

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The information from rods and cones is communicated to ganglion cells by:


A) feature detector cells.
B) optic disks.
C) bipolar cells.
D) opponent-process cells.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detector cells in the visual cortex that respond selectively to:


A) spots of light in different locations.
B) different colours of stimuli.
C) faces.
D) lines at different orientations.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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In a signal detection task, the participant doesn't detect a signal but a signal was present. This is called a _______________.


A) hit
B) false alarm
C) miss
D) correct rejection

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The coloured part of the eye is called the _______________.


A) pupil
B) iris
C) cornea
D) retina

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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