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Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

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Question 21

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Case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys are best suited for ________ behaviors, beliefs, opinions, and attitudes.

A) explaining Incorrect. Explanation of phenomena requires experimental research. The methods noted in this question are descriptive research.
B) describing Correct. These are called "descriptive methods" because they can only describe, not explain, why behaviors happen.
C) predicting
D) determining the causes of

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Question 22

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Like Watson, Skinner believed that psychology should study only ________.

A) elements of thought
B) observable behavior
C) mental processes
D) perceptions

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 23

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The field of psychology that explores the neurological mechanisms that underlie mental processes such as learning, memory, intelligence, and emotion is ________.

In Milgram's studies, "learners" who made errors were punished with ________.

When we are shown a series of still pictures flashed at a constant rate, they seem to show movement. The psychologists most likely to be interested in this event are ________ psychologists.

Two groups of people are given different kinds of practice problems in logic. They are then tested on a set of new problems to determine whether one kind of practice was better than the other. The nature of the practice problems is the ________ variable.

People who participate in an experiment, whose reactions or responses are observed as part of the experiment, usually to test the validity of a hypothesis, are called ________.

William James is most closely associated with the school of structuralism.

A famous psychologist studies mate selection, altruism, and jealousy in a variety of cultures across a wide range of time periods in an effort to find out how we (humans) have developed our current patterns of behavior in regard to these issues. This psychologist is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

John B. Watson is known for his theories on behaviorism.

Define correlational research. How is correlational research useful to psychologists? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of research?

A group of psychologists study human, mental, and physical growth from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. They are most likely to be ________ psychologists.

Freud's work with his patients convinced him that many nervous ailments are ________.

________ theory has often been referred to as the "third force" in psychology, beyond Freudian theory and behaviorism.

Describe the differences between the structuralist and functionalist schools of psychology. Who were the main proponents of each school and what were the major contributions of each school?

Wertheimer, Köhler, and Koffka were all associated with ________ psychology.

The expectations of a researcher that might distort or influence his or her interpretation of what he or she actually observed is called ________.

By snapping your fingers just before you blow a gentle puff of air into someone's eyes, causing them to blink, you can teach them to blink to just the sound of your fingers snapping, even when you no longer blow the puff of air. This is an example of ________.

Define psychology and explain the role played by the scientific method in psychological inquiry. Discuss how psychologists use theories and hypotheses in conducting research.

Titchener broke consciousness down into three basic elements.