Question 1

Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races.This best illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcers.
B)  shaping.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  punishment.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing.According to many researchers,this best illustrates the functioning of

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive maps.
B)  latent learning.
C)  mirror neurons.
D)  extrinsic motivation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

After Betty noticed that her best girlfriend often received praise from adults for good manners like saying "thank you," Betty began doing the same with the expectation of receiving praise from adults.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent behavior.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  observational learning.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

A type of learning in which behavior is diminished if followed by a punisher is called

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed conditioning.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  secondary conditioning.
D)  operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

Accepted Answer

A)  ineffective in even temporarily restraining unwanted behavior.
B)  more effective than negative reinforcers in shaping behavior.
C)  the opposite of positive reinforcers and thus will work just as well in changing behavior.
D)  less effective than reinforcement in promoting desirable behavior.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

The process of modeling is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning.
B)  observational learning.
C)  extrinsic motivation.
D)  classical conditioning.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between

Accepted Answer

A)  two stimuli.
B)  two responses.
C)  two reinforcers.
D)  behaviors and their consequences.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after an unpredictable period of time is a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio
B)  variable-ratio
C)  fixed-interval
D)  variable-intervalE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Dan and Joel,both 4 year old,have seen all the Spiderman movies.Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof,ready to try jumping across to the next roof.What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive drift
B)  observational learning
C)  immediate reinforcement
D)  classical conditioningE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Months after she was beaten up by a robber,Courtney's heart pounds with fear merely at the sight of the place in which she was attacked.The location of her attack is most likely a(n) ________ for Courtney's anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus
B)  operant stimulus
C)  unconditioned stimulus
D)  neutral stimulusE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

After being burned slightly by a spark from a flickering campfire,Julie became afraid when exposed to lighted gas stoves.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning.
B)  spontaneous recovery.
C)  generalization.
D)  secondary conditioning.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

The pioneering researcher of observational learning was

Accepted Answer

A)  John Garcia.
B)  B.F.Skinner.
C)  Albert Bandura.
D)  John B.Watson.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivating at the sight of a lemon
B)  raising your hand to ask a question
C)  jerking your hand off a very hot stove
D)  walking into a restaurant to eatE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval
B)  variable-interval
C)  fixed-ratio
D)  variable-ratioE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

If a sea slug repeatedly receives an electric shock just after being squirted with water,its protective withdrawal response to a squirt of water grows stronger.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery.
B)  associative learning.
C)  observational learning.
D)  operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcer.
B)  punishment.
C)  conditioned stimulus.
D)  secondary reinforcer.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The reappearance,after a time lapse,of an extinguished CR is called

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization.
B)  spontaneous recovery.
C)  discrimination.
D)  secondary conditioning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis,civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who

Accepted Answer

A)  consistently used reinforcement in combination with punishment to shape their children's moral behavior.
B)  modeled a strong moral or humanitarian concern.
C)  consistently used psychological punishment rather than physical punishment in shaping their children's behavior.
D)  consistently explained to their children the harsh consequences of immoral behavior.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone,he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food.As a result,________ occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization
B)  operant conditioning
C)  discrimination
D)  extinctionE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimate the actual frequency of violent crimes in the real world.
B)  experience less distress at the sight of other children fighting on the school playground.
C)  overestimate the pain experienced by victims of violence.
D)  become less fearful about being criminally assaulted.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 6: Learning

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reappearance,after a time lapse,of an extinguished CR is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after an unpredictable period of time is a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races.This best illustrates the effects of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of modeling is most closely associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After being burned slightly by a spark from a flickering campfire,Julie became afraid when exposed to lighted gas stoves.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Betty noticed that her best girlfriend often received praise from adults for good manners like saying "thank you," Betty began doing the same with the expectation of receiving praise from adults.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dan and Joel,both 4 year old,have seen all the Spiderman movies.Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof,ready to try jumping across to the next roof.What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A type of learning in which behavior is diminished if followed by a punisher is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone,he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food.As a result,________ occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Months after she was beaten up by a robber,Courtney's heart pounds with fear merely at the sight of the place in which she was attacked.The location of her attack is most likely a(n) ________ for Courtney's anxiety.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis,civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a sea slug repeatedly receives an electric shock just after being squirted with water,its protective withdrawal response to a squirt of water grows stronger.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing.According to many researchers,this best illustrates the functioning of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pioneering researcher of observational learning was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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