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Exam 12: Personality

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Question 71

Multiple Choice

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Social-cognitive theories are LEAST likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

A) environmental influences.
B) unconscious motives.
C) personality traits.
D) genetic influences.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 72

Multiple Choice

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Twelve-year-old Jack wants to buy a new video game,but he is $5 short.He considers sneaking the money from his older brother's room but instead asks his father if he may cut the grass as a way of earning the money.According to Freud,asking to earn the money comes from the ________,which provides a compromise solution that reflects the ________ principle.

A) id;pleasure
B) ego;pleasure
C) id;reality
D) ego;reality

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 73

Multiple Choice

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A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Sigmund Freud explained personality in terms of unconscious motivations,whereas ________ described personality in terms of enduring traits.

Because Greta is an extravert,she frequently goes to parties,where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends.Because Jim is an introvert,he frequently spends weekends in the library,where it's easy to quietly reflect and study.Greta and Jim best illustrate what is meant by

At work,Charlie is very conscientious and serious.At home,he is easy-going and fun-loving.This change in personality demonstrates that

Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine,accepting,and empathic?

One of the Big Five personality factors is

According to Freud,the defense mechanism that underlies all others is

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that

In assessing candidates for spy missions during World War II,U.S.Army psychologists subjected them to simulated undercover conditions.This best illustrates the use of an assessment strategy favored by ________ theories.

Alexis brags excessively about her good looks and frequently deceives others in order to establish romantic relationships with them.Her behavior most clearly illustrates

Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers,he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people.According to Freud,Alex most clearly demonstrates

People are more critical of their ________ selves than of their ________ selves.

Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a consequence of her superior dietary self-control.This best illustrates the importance of

The image of an iceberg is frequently used to illustrate ________ idea of the mind's structure.

During football season,when a team loses,fans will believe that factors other than team performance (such as poor officiating) were responsible for the loss.This best illustrates

Which personality theorists have been criticized the most for encouraging individual selfishness and self-indulgence?

Amanda is consistently optimistic,talkative,and impulsive.Each of these characteristics most clearly represents

Arguments as to whether a person's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the