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Byron is always looking to others for advice, approval, and affection. According to the psychoanalytic perspective, Byron is most likely fixated at the ________ stage.


A) phallic
B) anal
C) latency
D) oral

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Freud indicated that defense mechanisms


A) increase anxiety by consciously distorting reality.
B) reduce anxiety by consciously distorting reality.
C) increase anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
D) reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of


A) sexual instincts.
B) free association.
C) inner conflicts.
D) oral fixations.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Projection refers to the process by which people


A) consciously express feelings that are the opposite of underlying unconscious impulses.
B) disguise unacceptable, unconscious impulses by attributing them to others.
C) retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of a more infantile stage of development.
D) offer self-justifying explanations in place of real, but unacceptable, unconscious reasons for action.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Julie reported that she had a dream in which she was chased by a large dog. According to Freud, Julie's account represents the ________ content of her dream.


A) latent
B) repressed
C) manifest
D) empirically derived

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Who emphasized that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that contribute to psychological disorders?


A) Allport
B) Freud
C) Bandura
D) Maslow

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Personality is best defined as an individual's


A) characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
B) most noticeable characteristics.
C) biologically inherited temperament.
D) hidden thoughts and emotions.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Neo-Freudians placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.


A) defense mechanisms
B) the Oedipus complex
C) the conscious mind
D) genetic predispositions

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Survivors of traumatic events, such as rape or torture, are often haunted by persistent and vivid memories of this experience. This most clearly serves to challenge Freud's concept of


A) free association.
B) learned helplessness.
C) motivational conflict.
D) repression.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Freud believed that our repressed impulses express themselves in


A) dreams.
B) slips of the tongue.
C) troubling symptoms.
D) all of these forms.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Although Camile has detailed memories of her early school years, she remembers very little about the boyfriend who abruptly broke off their marriage engagement. According to psychoanalytic theory, it appears that Camile is using the defense mechanism of


A) regression.
B) repression.
C) displacement.
D) projection.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?


A) humanistic theory
B) trait theory
C) psychoanalytic theory
D) social-cognitive theory

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Frank refuses to believe that he is addicted to drugs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. He is most clearly demonstrating the defense mechanism of


A) displacement.
B) regression.
C) projection.
D) denial.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists of the


A) eyes.
B) mouth.
C) bowels.
D) breasts.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Boris does not like chemistry, but he has chosen it as his college major simply to prove that he is just as smart as his father, who is an outstanding chemist. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an unresolved


A) oral fixation.
B) free association.
C) Oedipus complex.
D) projection.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.


A) id; superego
B) id; ego
C) Oedipus complex; Electra complex
D) conscious; unconscious

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on "wine, women, and song." Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n)


A) strong ego.
B) weak id.
C) Electra complex.
D) weak superego.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which theory proposes that adherence to one's worldview is used to defend against a deeply rooted fear of death?


A) trait theory
B) object relations theory
C) social-cognitive theory
D) terror-management theory

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through


A) a genital stage before they enter a latency stage.
B) a latency stage before they enter a phallic stage.
C) a genital stage before they enter a phallic stage.
D) a latency stage before they enter a genital stage.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Freud suggested that pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones as we progress through various


A) defense mechanisms.
B) psychosexual stages.
C) free associations.
D) identifications.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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