Question 1

Which theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)   drive-reduction theory
B)   set point theory
C)   arousal theory
D)   instinct theoryE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Orexin is a ________ hormone secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hunger-arousing; hypothalamus
B)   hunger-suppressing; hypothalamus
C)   hunger-arousing; stomach
D)   hunger-suppressing; stomachE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   rise; rise
B)   fall; fall
C)   rise; fall
D)   fall; riseE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   homeostasis.
B)   a set point.
C)   a drive.
D)   an instinct.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce

Accepted Answer

A)   a drive.
B)   an instinct.
C)   the set point.
D)   basal metabolic rate.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone

Accepted Answer

A)   ghrelin.
B)   orexin.
C)   serotonin.
D)   PYY.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following influences on hunger motivation does NOT belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

A)   set/settling point
B)   attraction to sweet and salty tastes
C)   reduced production of ghrelin after stomach bypass surgery
D)   memory of time elapsed since your last mealE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

One problem with the idea of motivation as drive reduction is that

Accepted Answer

A)   because some motivated behaviors do not seem to be based on physiological needs, they cannot be explained in terms of drive reduction.
B)   it fails to explain any human motivation.
C)   it cannot account for homeostasis.
D)   it does not explain the hunger drive.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow?

Accepted Answer

A)   safety; physiological; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment
B)   safety; physiological; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment
C)   physiological; safety; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment
D)   physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillmentE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)   stomach contractions are unrelated to feelings of hunger.
B)   hunger continues in humans whose cancerous stomachs have been removed.
C)   rats whose stomachs have been removed must be force-fed to prevent starvation.
D)   less ghrelin is secreted when the stomach is empty.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   homeostasis; thirst
B)   incentive; instinct
C)   need; drive
D)   set point; glucoseE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The level of serotonin in the brain is

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased by a diet high in sugar.
B)   decreased by a diet high in salt.
C)   increased by a diet high in protein.
D)   increased by a diet high in carbohydrates.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

When an organism's weight rises above its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease in both hunger and basal metabolic rate.
B)   increase in hunger and a decrease in basal metabolic rate.
C)   decrease in hunger and an increase in basal metabolic rate.
D)   increase in both hunger and basal metabolic rate.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called

Accepted Answer

A)   needs.
B)   incentives.
C)   set points.
D)   drives.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize ________ factors in motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)   environmental
B)   cognitive
C)   psychological
D)   biologicalE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods.

Accepted Answer

A)   salty
B)   starchy
C)   novel
D)   familiarE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

In their study of men on a semistarvation diet, researchers found that

Accepted Answer

A)   the metabolic rate of the men increased.
B)   the men eventually lost interest in food.
C)   the men became obsessed with food.
D)   the men's behavior directly contradicted predictions made by Maslow's hierarchy of needs.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and

Accepted Answer

A)   drive reduction.
B)   biological predispositions.
C)   set point.
D)   basal metabolic rate.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following is inconsistent with the drive-reduction theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)   When body temperature drops below 98.6° Fahrenheit, blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth.
B)   A person is driven to seek a drink when his or her cellular water level drops below its optimum point.
C)   Monkeys will work puzzles even if not given a food reward.
D)   A person becomes hungry when body weight falls below its biological set point.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Increases in the hormone insulin lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing estrogen levels.
B)   decreasing blood glucose levels.
C)   increasing PYY levels.
D)   decreasing orexin levels.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 32: Basic Motivational Concepts and Hunger

The level of serotonin in the brain is

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Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to ________.

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Increases in the hormone insulin lead to

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When an organism's weight rises above its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Orexin is a ________ hormone secreted by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize ________ factors in motivation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One problem with the idea of motivation as drive reduction is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In their study of men on a semistarvation diet, researchers found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is inconsistent with the drive-reduction theory of motivation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following influences on hunger motivation does NOT belong with the others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Food deprivation is to as hunger is to .

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Orexin is a hormone secreted by the .

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With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin and the levels of ghrelin .

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