Question 1

Regarding the impact of watching television violence on children, most researchers believe that

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressive children simply prefer violent programs.
B)   television simply reflects, rather than contributes to, violent social trends.
C)   watching violence on television leads to aggressive behavior.
D)   there is only a weak correlation between exposure to violence and aggressive behavior.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   instinctive drift.
C)   negative reinforcement.
D)   overimitation.E) None of the above
F) All of the above D

Question 3

Children often imitate behaviors seen on television. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   immediate reinforcement.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Megan fails to see any connection between how hard she works and the size of her annual pay raises. Consequently, she puts little effort into her job, even though she really wants a big raise. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in the operant conditioning of work habits.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcers
B)   biological predispositions
C)   spontaneous recovery
D)   cognitive processesE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

After exploring a complicated maze for several days, a rat subsequently ran the maze with very few errors when food was placed in the goal box for the first time. This performance illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   discrimination learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   latent learning.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   prosocial behavior.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   observational learning.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Learning is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   any behavior produced by an organism without being provoked.
B)   a change in the behavior of an organism.
C)   a relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience.
D)   behavior based on operant rather than respondent conditioning.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Because Yuri was curious about human behavior, he enrolled in an introductory psychology course. George registered because he heard it was an easy course that would boost his grade-point average. In this instance, Yuri's behavior was a reflection of ________, whereas George's behavior was a reflection of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning; classical conditioning
B)   intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
C)   an unconditioned response; a conditioned response
D)   a fixed-interval schedule; a variable-interval scheduleE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Research participants formed more gut-level liking for Pokémon characters associated with positive rather than negative images. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   the law of effect.
C)   negative reinforcers.
D)   intrinsic motivation.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed reinforcement.
B)   observational learning.
C)   respondent behavior.
D)   shaping.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 11

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   observational learning.
D)   respondent behavior.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   John B. Watson
B)   Albert Bandura
C)   Ivan Pavlov
D)   B. F. SkinnerE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

A cognitive map is a

Accepted Answer

A)   mental representation of one's environment.
B)   sequence of thought processes leading from one idea to another.
C)   set of instructions detailing the most effective means of teaching a particular concept.
D)   biological predisposition to learn a particular skill.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) A

Question 14

Recognizing that one of your friends is feeling angry and that another friend is feeling sad illustrates an ability known as

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   latent learning.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   theory of mind.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive processes.
B)   biological predispositions.
C)   continuous reinforcement.
D)   latent learning.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Dan and Joel, both 4-year-olds, have been watching reruns of "Superman" on television. Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying. What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed reinforcement
B)   observational learning
C)   immediate reinforcement
D)   classical conditioningE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a CS was challenged by

Accepted Answer

A)   Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats.
B)   Pavlov's findings on the conditioned salivary response.
C)   Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning in infants.
D)   Bandura's findings on observational learning and aggression in children.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The tendency to engage in behaviors that we observe others rewarded for performing best illustrates the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)   prosocial behavior.
B)   partial reinforcement.
C)   intrinsic motivation.
D)   vicarious reinforcement.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end. Their good performance demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   latent learning.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   modeling.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D) B

Question 20

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. According to many researchers, this best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   observational learning.
C)   respondent behavior.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 22: Effects of Biology and Cognition

Regarding the impact of watching television violence on children, most researchers believe that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Children often imitate behaviors seen on television. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Megan fails to see any connection between how hard she works and the size of her annual pay raises. Consequently, she puts little effort into her job, even though she really wants a big raise. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in the operant conditioning of work habits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After exploring a complicated maze for several days, a rat subsequently ran the maze with very few errors when food was placed in the goal box for the first time. This performance illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning is best defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research participants formed more gut-level liking for Pokémon characters associated with positive rather than negative images. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A cognitive map is a

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Recognizing that one of your friends is feeling angry and that another friend is feeling sad illustrates an ability known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dan and Joel, both 4-year-olds, have been watching reruns of "Superman" on television. Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying. What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a CS was challenged by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to engage in behaviors that we observe others rewarded for performing best illustrates the influence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end. Their good performance demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedB

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. According to many researchers, this best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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A

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