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Exam 6: Social Groups and Organizations

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Question 21

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All New York Yankee fans, women in graduate schools, and other people with similar social characteristics or a common status no matter where they may be is called a[n] ________.

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Question 22

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John just graduated from college and is making $35,000 a year as an elementary school teacher. Although he desires to make a six-figure salary within the next ten years he has a feeling of relative gratification when he compares himself to people in other groups. Based on this, which group would create this feeling of relative gratification that John is experiencing when he uses it as a reference group?

A) homeless people
B) college professors
C) elementary school principals
D) CEOs of major companies

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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Who were the two social scientists responsible for presenting the "Peter Principle," the notion that in a bureaucracy people are promoted to their level of incompetence?

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Pat is running for Congress. His original grass roots election committee was close-knit. As the campaign grew in size a number of people began to slack off in their commitment. Some seemed to "be along for the ride" and were participating because they hoped to get government jobs when Pat was elected. In view of this, which of the following explanations best describes what has happened to Pat's election committee?

All Boston Red Sox fans, left-handed golfers, and other people with similar social characteristics or a common status no matter where they may be are called a[n] ________.

Reference groups have both positive and negative functions.

Which sociological perspective takes the position that it is people, not organizations, which have goals?

Based on Charles Horton Cooley's classifications of groups, what classification best applies to cybergroups?

The most unstable and most intimate group is the dyad.

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, it is people, not organizations, that have goals.

Leo was required to submit "the green form" to apply for student teaching. Because the teaching office only had one form left, they made a copy of the "green form" on white copy paper. When Leo submitted the completed white copy to the Dean's office, the secretary refused to accept it because it wasn't "the green form." Such a situation, where the process (submitting the "green form") becomes more important than the goal (to apply for student teaching) , is an example of ________.

When Anthony was an undergraduate student, he bonded with many of his professors and modeled his own behavior and values after theirs. For Anthony, what group best describes these undergraduate professors?

Identify and describe the five basic characteristics that Weber believed were most responsible for the technical superiority of bureaucracies.

As groups become larger they become more intimate and informal.

The smallest possible group, composed of ________ members is called a ________.

Bureaucratic ritualism improves the efficiency of an organization.

When workers conform to rules and procedures in such a way that the rules become more important than the goals of the organization, it is referred to as the Peter Principle.

The phenomenon that occurs when people take greater risks in a group than they may have taken if they had acted independently is called ________.

Who was the sociologist who developed the concept of primary and secondary groups?