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Which of the following is not the component(s) of a flow cytometer?


A) Photomultiplier tubes
B) Sheath fluid
C) Flow chamber
D) Hemoglobin chamber

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What is the purpose of CD34 count?

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To quantify stem cells. Stem cells posse...

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An unknown cell resembling a hematogone has CD19 and CD20 antigens. What is the unknown cell's lineage?


A) Myeloid
B) Monocytic
C) Lymphoid
D) Erythroid

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The EWGCCA recommends performing which of the following with CD34 enumeration?


A) Dual staining with CD45
B) DNA index
C) IRF
D) Exclude cells with low levels of CD 45 expression

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, has been found to be effective in treating:


A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) HIV
C) Breast cancer
D) LAD1

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Immunophenotyping is essential for diagnosing ALL, separating T- and B- lineage ALL, and identifying subtypes of B lineage ALL. What markers can blasts express in precursor B cell ALL?


A) CD10 and TdT
B) CD1 and CD2
C) CD4 and CD8
D) CD41 and CD61

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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A strategy for determining MRD in AML that has been advocated is:


A) Panel: CD38, CD138 and CD45
B) Panel: CD20/CD38/CD19/CD5
C) "Different than normal"
D) Boolean gating

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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How is flow cytometry used in cell quantitation?

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Flow cytometry can be used in ...

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Which markers are useful in immunophenotyping for leukemia/lymphoma of T cell-lineage?


A) CD103, CD61, and CD59
B) CD38, CD59, and CD13
C) CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, and CD8
D) CD55, CD25, and kappa

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which analyte is the best indicator of the overall picture of the immune system in an HIV-positive patient?


A) Absolute CD4 count
B) Relative lymphocyte count
C) WBC count
D) Relative CD4 count

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is considered a drawback of immunophenotyping a suspected acute leukemia?


A) AML NOC
B) Lineage heterogeneity
C) Lack of sensitivity
D) Lack of specificity

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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B

Neoplasms are made up of a population of identical cells or a clone of cells. When identified, the clone can lead to the discovery of a lymphoid malignancy or other lymphoproliferative disorder. Clonality be detected by:


A) The uniform expression of one immunoglobulin light chain
B) A mixture of cells with either kappa or lambda light chains
C) A surface immunoglobulin detection
D) The bright intensity of all monoclonal markers

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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A

The expression of several antigens from two different lineages complicates the categorizing the diagnosis as AML or ALL. This biphenotypic expression toward more than one lineage restricts the use of immunophenotyping. In differentiating AML and ALL, staining with which of the following cytochemical stains indicates AML?


A) PAS
B) Giemsa
C) Myeloperoxidase
D) Thiazole orange

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The DNA content of a patient's tumor cells is reported as 2.0, and the DNA content of diploid cells is 1.0. What is the DNA index?


A) 2.0
B) 3.0
C) 1.0
D) 0.5

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Flow results on a patient sample revealed an absence of CD20 and CD19 on the B-lymphocytes as well as an absence of BTK in monocytes and platelets. What is the most likely diagnosis?


A) Hyper IgM syndrome
B) Chronic granulomatous disease
C) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
D) X-linked congenital agammaglobulinemia

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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The following are accurate statements regarding fluorochromes except which one?


A) They excite at one wavelength and emit light at a different wavelength.
B) They can bind to DNA or RNA.
C) They can be used to label detection antibodies.
D) They contribute to the scattered light caused by a cell when it travels through the flowcell.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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CD34 enumeration is useful in bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. For this enumeration, the EWGCCA recommendations include proper technique and interpretation of the flow cytometry analysis. Which of the following standards was recommended for proper acquisition of events?


A) Include platelets and unlysed red blood cells and debris
B) Include only CD34 dim staining populations
C) Use bright fluorochrome conjugates of class II or III monoclonal antibodies that detect all glycoforms of CD34
D) Acquire only 10 CD34 positive cells

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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C

What is one advantage to using monoclonal antibodies rather than polyclonal antibodies in immunophenotyping?


A) They are commercially available.
B) The antigen can be recognized even if some parts of it are abnormal.
C) They have high purity and reproducibility.
D) They can be directly attached to fluorochromes.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A flow instrument printout reveals a single scatter population of small size and low complexity. Ninety percent of the cells in that population have CD2 on their surface. What is the most probable lineage of the unknown population?


A) Neutrophils
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Monocytes

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Name at least two pitfalls in immunophenotyping mature lymphoid malignancies, and explain how you would correct this.

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Some malignant B-cell lymphoproliferativ...

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