Question 1

Experiments by Stanley Miller in the 1950s demonstrated that the first organic molecules on Earth

Accepted Answer

A)   were catalysts composed of simple amino acids and most likely formed in an extraterrestrial environment and were deposited on Earth via asteroids.
B)   most likely formed in an extraterrestrial environment and were deposited on Earth via asteroids.
C)   were nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA.
D)   could have formed abiotically in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapour.
E)   were simple carbohydrates like glucose.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 2

You've been asked to analyze a reaction that took place at 300°K. AH was - 150 and AS was +0.4. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

Accepted Answer

A)   exothermic
B)   endothermic
C)   You cannot tell unless you know the potential energy of the reactants and products.
D)   You cannot tell unless you know the amount of disorder in the reactants and products.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Why is water capable of forming hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is highly polar.
B)   The oxygen atom carries a partial negative charge.
C)   The hydrogen atoms carry partial positive charges.
D)   All of the above apply.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

Accepted Answer

A)   an ionic bond
B)   a nonpolar covalent bond
C)   a polar covalent bond
D)   a hydrogen bondE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

While water has many exceptional and useful properties, which is the rarest property among compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water is a solvent.
B)   Water has surface tension.
C)   Water has a high heat capacity.
D)   Solid water is less dense than liquid water.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What does it mean to say a system has a AG equal to zero?

Accepted Answer

A)   The system is perfectly ordered no entropy) .
B)   The total amount of potential energy in the system is zero.
C)   The system is at equilibrium.
D)   The system does not release or absorb heat.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Which reaction is most spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A)   a reaction that is slightly exothermic and leads to a huge increase in entropy
B)   a reaction that is slightly endothermic and leads to a huge decrease in entropy
C)   a reaction that is highly exothermic and leads to a huge decrease in entropy
D)   a reaction that is slightly exothermic and leads to a slight increase in entropyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

If an atom is electrically neutral, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has the same number of neutrons as electrons.
B)   It has the same number of protons as electrons.
C)   It has at least one more electron than it has protons.
D)   It has the same number of protons as neutrons.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants.
B)   Lakes don't freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures.
C)   A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond.
D)   Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating.
E)   Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

You need to write down information about a molecule that gives the most accurate picture of the relative sizes of the atoms involved and their relationship in space. Which representation would work best?

Accepted Answer

A)   space- filling model
B)   structural formula
C)   molecular formula
D)   ball- and- stick modelE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

How many electrons are involved in a double covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   fourE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Consider the experiment that Stanley Miller did to simulate chemical evolution. Recall that a glass flask held the reduced gases NH3, CH4, and H2 and that the gases were exposed to electrical sparks. What is the null hypothesis in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chemical evolution does not occur.
B)   Chemical evolution requires the presence of reduced molecules.
C)   Chemical evolution occurs only on Earth.
D)   Chemical evolution requires a source of kinetic energy.
E)   Chemical evolution requires continuous heating.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

An atom has six electrons in its valence shell. How many single covalent bonds would you expect it to form in most circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   sixE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 2: Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

Correct Answer
verified

An atom has six electrons in its valence shell. How many single covalent bonds would you expect it to form in most circumstances?

Correct Answer
verified

What does it mean to say a system has a AG equal to zero?

Correct Answer
verified

You need to write down information about a molecule that gives the most accurate picture of the relative sizes of the atoms involved and their relationship in space. Which representation would work best?

Correct Answer
verified

Consider the experiment that Stanley Miller did to simulate chemical evolution. Recall that a glass flask held the reduced gases NH₃, CH₄, and H₂and that the gases were exposed to electrical sparks. What is the null hypothesis in the experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

While water has many exceptional and useful properties, which is the rarest property among compounds?

Correct Answer
verified

How many electrons are involved in a double covalent bond?

Correct Answer
verified

Which reaction is most spontaneous?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is water capable of forming hydrogen bonds?

Correct Answer
verified

You've been asked to analyze a reaction that took place at 300°K. AH was - 150 and AS was +0.4. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Correct Answer
verified

If an atom is electrically neutral, which of the following must be true?

Correct Answer
verified

Experiments by Stanley Miller in the 1950s demonstrated that the first organic molecules on Earth

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An atom has six electrons in its valence shell. How many single covalent bonds would you expect it to form in most circumstances?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does it mean to say a system has a AG equal to zero?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You need to write down information about a molecule that gives the most accurate picture of the relative sizes of the atoms involved and their relationship in space. Which representation would work best?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the experiment that Stanley Miller did to simulate chemical evolution. Recall that a glass flask held the reduced gases NH3, CH4, and H2 and that the gases were exposed to electrical sparks. What is the null hypothesis in the experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While water has many exceptional and useful properties, which is the rarest property among compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many electrons are involved in a double covalent bond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which reaction is most spontaneous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is water capable of forming hydrogen bonds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You've been asked to analyze a reaction that took place at 300°K. AH was - 150 and AS was +0.4. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an atom is electrically neutral, which of the following must be true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experiments by Stanley Miller in the 1950s demonstrated that the first organic molecules on Earth

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Consider the experiment that Stanley Miller did to simulate chemical evolution. Recall that a glass flask held the reduced gases NH₃, CH₄, and H₂and that the gases were exposed to electrical sparks. What is the null hypothesis in the experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified