Question 1

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rapid, strong pulse
B)   Low hematocrit
C)   Increased urine output
D)   Rough oral mucosaE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:

Accepted Answer

A)   blocking normal nerve conduction.
B)   increasing the permeability of nerve membranes.
C)   blocking movement of calcium ions.
D)   decreasing phosphate ion levels.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:

Accepted Answer

A)   increased rate and depth of respiration.
B)   decreased rate and depth of respiration.
C)   increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate.
D)   decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:

Accepted Answer

A)   increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) .
B)   decreased aldosterone.
C)   slow, strong heart contraction.
D)   peripheral vasodilation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   pH is below normal range
B)   pH is above normal range
C)   Bicarbonate level decreases
D)   Bicarbonate level increasesE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

In the blood and extracellular fluids, hypernatremia refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   a deficient sodium level.
B)   an excess phosphate level.
C)   an excess sodium level.
D)   an excessively low phosphate level.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C) C

Question 7

Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of "milk-alkali syndrome," which can cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyponatremia
B)   Hyperkalemia
C)   Hypercalcemia
D)   HypovolemiaE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   Aldosterone
C)   Serum H+ levels
D)   serum K+ levelsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
B)   Oliguria
C)   Elevated serum pH
D)   Cardiac arrhythmiasE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic alkalosis
B)   Metabolic acidosis
C)   Respiratory alkalosis
D)   Respiratory acidosisE) B) and C)
F) None of the above B

Question 11

Serum potassium levels are affected by:
1)  ADH.
2)  aldosterone.
3)  serum H+ levels.
4)  insulin levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 only
B)  1, 2
C)  1, 3
D)  2, 3, 4
E)  1, 2, 3F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluid excess
B)   Fluid deficit
C)   Increased sodium level
D)   Decreased erythrocytesE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypothalamus, metabolic changes by digestive system, lymphatic system filtration
B)   Buffer pairs in blood, change in kidney excretion rate, change in respiration rate
C)   Neural feedback, increase in heart rate, decrease in calcium intake
D)   Modification of water intake, increased capillary permeability, decrease in blood volumeE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased carbonic acid
B)   Decreased carbonic acid
C)   Increased bicarbonate ion
D)   Decreased bicarbonate ionE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Place the following events in the correct sequence of events when ketoacids increase in the blood of a diabetic patient. Not all options are used in the answers.
1)  Serum pH decreases
2)  Serum bicarbonate decreases
3)  PCO2 decreases
4)  Respiration decreases
5)  Respiration increases
6)  Serum pH increases
7)  Urine pH decreases

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 7, 4, 2, 6
B)  5, 2, 7, 3, 4, 1
C)  2, 1, 5, 3, 7, 6
D)  3, 1, 2, 5, 7, 6E) All of the above
F) A) and B) C

Question 16

Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   K+, Na+
B)   Cl- and HCO3-
C)   Ca++, Na+
D)   Na+, Cl-E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Which statements apply to atrial natriuretic peptide?
1)  It is secreted by heart muscle cells.
2)  It is a hormone secreted by the kidneys.
3)  It helps to control water and sodium balance.
4)  It is released in response to low blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3
B)  1, 4
C)  2, 3
D)  2, 4E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:

Accepted Answer

A)   hypokalemia.
B)   hypernatremia.
C)   hyperchloremia.
D)   hypovolemia.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bradycardia and deep rapid breathing
B)   Drowsiness and general lethargy
C)   Increased nervous system irritability
D)   Decreased urine pHE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic acidosis
B)   Metabolic alkalosis
C)   Respiratory acidosis
D)   Respiratory alkalosisE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 2: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

Correct Answer
verified

Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:

Correct Answer
verified

In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:

Correct Answer
verified

Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:

Correct Answer
verified

Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?

Correct Answer
verified

In the blood and extracellular fluids, hypernatremia refers to:

Correct Answer
verified
C

Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of "milk-alkali syndrome," which can cause which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na⁺ levels?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

Correct Answer
verified

What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Serum potassium levels are affected by: 1) ADH. 2) aldosterone. 3) serum H⁺ levels. 4) insulin levels.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?

Correct Answer
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Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statements apply to atrial natriuretic peptide? 1) It is secreted by heart muscle cells. 2) It is a hormone secreted by the kidneys. 3) It helps to control water and sodium balance. 4) It is released in response to low blood pressure.

Correct Answer
verified

Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?

Correct Answer
verified

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the blood and extracellular fluids, hypernatremia refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of "milk-alkali syndrome," which can cause which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Serum potassium levels are affected by: 1) ADH. 2) aldosterone. 3) serum H+ levels. 4) insulin levels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statements apply to atrial natriuretic peptide? 1) It is secreted by heart muscle cells. 2) It is a hormone secreted by the kidneys. 3) It helps to control water and sodium balance. 4) It is released in response to low blood pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na⁺ levels?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Serum potassium levels are affected by: 1) ADH. 2) aldosterone. 3) serum H⁺ levels. 4) insulin levels.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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