Question 1

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Illinois v. Wardlow, which of the following can constitute a reasonable basis for a stop and frisk?
I. presence in high crime area
II. refusal to stop and answer questions when requested to do so by police
III. unprovoked flight after seeing police
IV. refusal to identify oneself when asked to do so

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II
B)   I, III
C)   II, III
D)   I, II, IVE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

In regard to the official actions taken by police known as stop and frisk:
I. they take place on the street before any official documentation initiates the
Process.
II. they affect far more people than other police investigative actions.
III. they are the most superficial intrusions and deprivations.
IV. they require the least factual basis to make them reasonable.

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, III, IV
B)   II, IV
C)   I, II, III
D)   II, IV.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

Accepted Answer

A)   requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government's need for the intrusion.
B)   prohibits the police from making intrusions simply to prevent crimes that may happen.
C)   does not require the court to weigh the degree of intrusion so long as there is a factual foundation for it.
D)   does not require a factual foundation to support stops involving serious crimes.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following constitutes a stop?

Accepted Answer

A)   A person approaches an officer and says, "I saw a man run out of that building with a knife dripping blood."
B)   Police approach a person and ask, "Did you just leave that building?"
C)   A person walks up to an officer and volunteers, "I just killed my enemy."
D)   Officers investigating a robbery that just happened approach a person who fits the description given by the victim, asking who they are where they were at the time of the crime.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Pat-downs of suspects to protect officers against the danger of concealed weapons are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pat-downs of suspects to protect officers against...

Question 6

Barricades set up for stopping vehicles and questioning the occupants are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Barricades set up for stopping vehicles and...

Question 7

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Illinois v. Wardlow, a person's mere presence in a high crime area can supply the objective basis needed for a stop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Stop and frisks affect a greater number of people than those actually arrested.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In Maryland v. Wilson, the case where police removed and detained a passenger from a lawfully stopped vehicle, the Supreme Court held:

Accepted Answer

A)   that the officer's ordering the passenger out of the car was an unreasonable seizure.
B)   that the practice of ordering all drivers and passengers stopped in traffic stops out of their vehicles as a matter of course was reasonable.
C)   that the officer's ordering him out of the car was too great an intrusion into the driver's liberty.
D)   that they must have articulable suspicion of danger to order the passenger out of the vehicle.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Police can establish reasonable suspicion to conduct a forcible stop from:
I. hearsay information from anonymous informants.
II. hearsay information from paid informants.
III. facts that officers acquire from their senses.
IV. hearsay information from victims.

Accepted Answer

A)   III
B)   III, IV
C)   II, III, IV
D)   I, II, III, IVE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A proper "frisk" under the stop-and-frisk rules established by Terry v. Ohio:

Accepted Answer

A)   is limited to a pat-down of the suspect's outer clothing unless something that could be a weapon is felt during the pat-down.
B)   may not be conducted unless there is no doubt in the mind of the officer that the suspect has a weapon.
C)   may include a search of an area within one hundred yards of the suspect if the pat-down results in the feeling of an object which could be a weapon.
D)   may not even extend to a pat-down unless the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect has a weapon.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Categorical suspicion:

Accepted Answer

A)   can be sufficient in itself to amount to reasonable suspicion
B)   can be sufficient as long as the category in which the suspect falls is not based on race or ethnicity
C)   can be one of the factors in the entire picture of reasonable suspicion
D)   is sufficient in itself if officers can establish the stop occurred in a high crime areaE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

According to the Supreme Court in Michigan v. Sitz, involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:

Accepted Answer

A)   requires reasonable suspicion to think that the driver is driving under the influence.
B)   requires probable cause to think that the driver is driving under the influence.
C)   requires clear and convincing evidence to think that the driver is driving under the influence.
D)   requires no individualized suspicion because of the importance of the State's interest in addressing the drunk driving problem.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:

Accepted Answer

A)   a stop is conduct outside the purview of the Fourth Amendment because the action does not rise to the level of a seizure.
B)   whenever a police officer accosts an individual and restrains his freedom to walk away, he has "seized" that person.
C)   a stop is not a serious intrusion upon the sanctity of the person and may be taken lightly.
D)   the personal security and privacy of the individual always outweighs the government's interests in detecting crime.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Outer clothing pat-downs do not constitute Fourth Amendment searches.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Since stops and frisks take place in public, they may shape the public view of police power more than more intrusive invasions such as arrest and searches that take place out of sight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The first question to ask in Fourth Amendment cases is:

Accepted Answer

A)   whether the government action was a search or seizure.
B)   whether the government action was unreasonable.
C)   whether the fruit of the government action (what is obtained from its action)  should be excluded.
D)   whether the government was investigating a serious crime.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is not a seizure?

Accepted Answer

A)   chasing a fleeing suspect who gets away
B)   arresting someone
C)   physically grabbing someone to check suspicion
D)   using such a show of force that a reasonable person does not leaveE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain.

Accepted Answer

An anonymous tip can provide reasonable ...

Exam 4: The Exclusionary Rule

Categorical suspicion:

Correct Answer
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Stop and frisks affect a greater number of people than those actually arrested.

Correct Answer
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Police can establish reasonable suspicion to conduct a forcible stop from: I. hearsay information from anonymous informants. II. hearsay information from paid informants. III. facts that officers acquire from their senses. IV. hearsay information from victims.

Correct Answer
verified

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

Correct Answer
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According to the Supreme Court in Michigan v. Sitz, involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:

Correct Answer
verified

Since stops and frisks take place in public, they may shape the public view of police power more than more intrusive invasions such as arrest and searches that take place out of sight.

Correct Answer
verified

In Maryland v. Wilson, the case where police removed and detained a passenger from a lawfully stopped vehicle, the Supreme Court held:

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Illinois v. Wardlow, a person's mere presence in a high crime area can supply the objective basis needed for a stop.

Correct Answer
verified

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.

Correct Answer
verified

The first question to ask in Fourth Amendment cases is:

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is not a seizure?

Correct Answer
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Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain.

Correct Answer
verified
An anonymous tip can provide reasonable ...
View Answer

Pat-downs of suspects to protect officers against the danger of concealed weapons are __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following constitutes a stop?

Correct Answer
verified

Barricades set up for stopping vehicles and questioning the occupants are known as __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Outer clothing pat-downs do not constitute Fourth Amendment searches.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:

Correct Answer
verified

A proper "frisk" under the stop-and-frisk rules established by Terry v. Ohio:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: The Exclusionary Rule

Categorical suspicion:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stop and frisks affect a greater number of people than those actually arrested.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Police can establish reasonable suspicion to conduct a forcible stop from: I. hearsay information from anonymous informants. II. hearsay information from paid informants. III. facts that officers acquire from their senses. IV. hearsay information from victims.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Supreme Court in Michigan v. Sitz, involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since stops and frisks take place in public, they may shape the public view of police power more than more intrusive invasions such as arrest and searches that take place out of sight.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Maryland v. Wilson, the case where police removed and detained a passenger from a lawfully stopped vehicle, the Supreme Court held:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Illinois v. Wardlow, a person's mere presence in a high crime area can supply the objective basis needed for a stop.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first question to ask in Fourth Amendment cases is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a seizure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain.

Correct AnswerverifiedAn anonymous tip can provide reasonable ...View AnswerShow Answer

Pat-downs of suspects to protect officers against the danger of concealed weapons are __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following constitutes a stop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barricades set up for stopping vehicles and questioning the occupants are known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Outer clothing pat-downs do not constitute Fourth Amendment searches.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A proper "frisk" under the stop-and-frisk rules established by Terry v. Ohio:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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An anonymous tip can provide reasonable ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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