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People with amnesia often show preserved implicit learning and nondeclarative memory.

A) True
B) False

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One major difference between the visual icon and the auditory echo is that the


A) visual icon is a sensory memory representation, whereas the auditory echo is a short-term memory representation.
B) auditory echo lasts longer than the visual icon.
C) visual icon is a type of explicit memory, but the auditory echo is a type of implicit memory.
D) auditory echo involves conscious recollection, whereas the visual icon does not.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The encoding of information to be stored involves two stages: , in which inputs in sensory buffers and sensory analysis stages are registered, and then , in which a stronger representation for storage is created.


A) consolidation ; storage
B) storage ; retrieval
C) retrieval ; acquisition
D) acquisition ; consolidation

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most associated with long-term potentiation.

A) True
B) False

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Classical conditioning is an example of a specific type of memory.


A) priming
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) nondeclarative

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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You learn of an experiment conducted in 1942 by a researcher named Malmo. Malmo discovered that monkeys with certain lesions were impaired in a delayed-response task, but not when the lights were turned off. Malmo hypothesized that switching off the lights removed potential interference. Which of the following theories incorporates this kind of short-term interference?


A) the phonological loop
B) Hebbian learning
C) procedural memory
D) the modal model of memory

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of NMDA receptors in mediating LTP in the brain?


A) NMDA receptors are critical to inducing LTP but not to maintaining LTP.
B) NMDA receptors block LTP in the brain unless magnesium ions are present.
C) NMDA receptors are depolarized by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
D) NMDA receptors create LTP by transporting magnesium ions from outside the cell into the cell.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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After a brain injury, a person is found to have isolated retrograde amnesia. Which of the following brain regions is probably damaged?


A) the medial temporal lobes
B) the anterior temporal lobes
C) the superior parietal lobes
D) the dorsolateral frontal lobes

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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