Question 1

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Only people with self-esteem are happy.

Accepted Answer

A)  All people with self-esteem are happy people.
B)  All happy people are people with self-esteem.
C)  Some people with self-esteem are happy people.
D)  Some happy people are people with self-esteem.
E)  No person with self-esteem is a happy person.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Is the following syllogism valid? Either there is an accounting error, or some of our members are not paying their dues.
All of our members are paying their dues.
There is an accounting error.

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes.
B)  No, because the disjunctive premise is not in standard form.
C)  No, because the second premise does not deny any of the disjuncts.
D)  No, because even if the premises are true, the conclusion could be false.
E)  It depends on your view of existential import.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Only S is P.

Accepted Answer

A)  No S is P.
B)  Some P are S.
C)  Some S are P.
D)  All S are P.
E)  All P are S.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If a hiring deci si on is made too quickly, we will have a subpar sal es representative.
And if we have a subpar sales representative, then our reputation
and sales will suffer.
So if a hiring deci sion is made too quickly, then our reputation and sales will suffer.

Accepted Answer

A)  pure hypothetical
B)  modus ponens
C)  modus tollens
D)  invalid-commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent
E)  invalid-commits the fallacy of affirming the consequentF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 5

What is the missing conclusion in the following hypothetical syllogism? If the dinosaurs are extinct, then we can only study them from their fossils.And if we can only study them from their fossils, then our knowledge of them will always be incomplete.

Accepted Answer

A)  Our knowledge of dinosaurs will always be incomplete.
B)  We can only study dinosaurs from their fossils.
C)  Dinosaurs are extinct.
D)  If our knowledge of dinosaurs will always be incomplete, then they are extinct.
E)  If the dinosaurs are extinct, then our knowledge of them will always be incomplete.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

In a true hypothetical proposition:

Accepted Answer

A)  the truth of the antecedent is sufficient to guarantee the truth of the consequent
B)  the truth of the consequent is sufficient to guarantee the truth of the antecedent
C)  the antecedent could be true, while the consequent is false
D)  the truth of the antecedent tells us nothing about the truth of the consequent
E)  the antecedent and consequent cannot both be falseF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 7

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
Despite his shortcomings, (1)  Homer Simpson loves his family.And therefore (2)  he is a heroic figure.That is because (3)  if Homer Simpson loves his family, then he will sacrifice for them.And (4)  if he will sacrifice for them, then he is a heroic figure.
-What is the conclusion of the argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homer Simpson has shortcomings.
B)  Homer Simpson loves his family.
C)  Homer Simpson is a heroic figure.
D)  If Homer Simpson loves his family, then he will sacrifice for them.
E)  If Homer Simpson will sacrifice for his family, then he is a heroic figure.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

What would the following proposition be in standard form? There is a lid for every pot.

Accepted Answer

A)  All lids are things that have pots.
B)  No lid is a thing that doesn't have a pot.
C)  If something is a lid, then that thing has a pot.
D)  All pots are things with lids.
E)  A thing is not a lid or it has a pot.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If talent scouts attended the music festival, then the music festival was a success.
The music festival was a success.
So talent scouts attended the music festival.

Accepted Answer

A)  pure hypothetical
B)  modus ponens
C)  modus tollens
D)  invalid-commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent
E)  invalid-commits the fallacy of affirming the consequentF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

What conclusion follows from these premises? The camp does not offer both swimming and boating.
The camp offers swimming.

Accepted Answer

A)  The camp has a lake.
B)  The camp is concerned about the safety of swimmers around boats.
C)  The camp does not offer boating.
D)  The camp's lake is too small for boating.
E)  The camp offers boating.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 11

What would the following proposition be in standard form? As long as everyone agrees, we'll move the meeting to Thursday.

Accepted Answer

A)  If we don't move the meeting to Thursday, then everyone agreed to it.
B)  If we move the meeting to Thursday, then everyone agreed to it.
C)  If someone disagrees, then we won't move the meeting to Thursday.
D)  If everyone agrees, then we'll move the meeting to Thursday.
E)  If everyone agrees, then we won't move the meeting to Thursday.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Does every disjunctive proposition have an equivalent hypothetical proposition, such that the hypothetical could replace the disjunctive in any argument without otherwise changing the argument's structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, since replacing a proposition with another that is logically equivalent never has any effect on the structure of the argument.
B)  Yes, since if one disjunctive proposition has such an equivalent, they all must.
C)  No, since replacing one proposition with another will always have a significant effect on the structure of an argument.
D)  No, since some disjunctive propositions contain more than two disjuncts.
E)  No, since no disjunctive proposition ever has an equivalent hypothetical proposition.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

If an argument uses quantity words like no, all, or some, that suggests that the argument is:

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical
B)  pure hypothetical
C)  mixed hypothetical
D)  disjunctive
E)  This information tells us nothing about the form.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

What conclusion follows from these premises? Someone will cook supper or no one will eat.
Someone will eat.

Accepted Answer

A)  Something will be eaten.
B)  Something will be cooked.
C)  No one will cook supper.
D)  Someone will not eat.
E)  Someone will cook supper.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

If a proposition uses a word like always, sometimes, never, everywhere, somewhere, or nowhere, that suggests that it should be formalized as what type of proposition?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothetical
B)  disjunctive
C)  categorical
D)  Propositions that contain those words cannot be formalized because they lack a true subject term.
E)  Propositions that contain those words cannot be formalized because their content is too vague.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 16

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Barring anything unexpected, you will live to be 82 years old.

Accepted Answer

A)  If something unexpected happens, then you will live to be 82 years old.
B)  If something unexpected happens, then you will not live to be 82 years old.
C)  If nothing unexpected happens, then you will live to be 82 years old.
D)  If you do not live to be 82 years old, then nothing unexpected happened.
E)  If you live to be 82 years old, then nothing unexpected happened.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Could there exist a proposition, p, for which there is no corresponding proposition, not-p?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because I and O propositions do not have contraries.
B)  Yes, because some propositions are already negative and cannot be negated again.
C)  Yes, because some propositions are inherently affirmative and therefore cannot be negated.
D)  No, because every proposition has a contrary.
E)  No, because every proposition can be contradicted.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
(1)  If some of these fresh footprints belong to the fugitive, then he is still nearby.(2)  But no footprint belonging to the fugitive is a size 10, (3)  and some of these footprints are size 10.(4)  So the fugitive is not still nearby.
-Of how many syllogistic steps does the argument consist?

Accepted Answer

A)  one
B)  two
C)  three
D)  four
E)  fiveF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

If two logicians are distilling the same extended argument, is it possible that they would arrange the propositions into two different forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because how the propositions are arranged is completely unimportant.
B)  Yes, but only if one logician is better at logic than the other.
C)  Yes, because there could be more than one good way to proceed through the argument.
D)  No, because there is only one correct way to arrange the propositions in any particular argument.
E)  No, because those forms would necessarily have different conclusions, and therefore not be forms of the same argument.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

What is the missing premise in the following hypothetical syllogism? French wine must be imported.So French wine is more expensive than domestic wine.

Accepted Answer

A)  If French wine is more expensive than domestic wine, then it must be imported.
B)  If French wine is not more expensive than domestic wine, then it must be imported.
C)  If French wine must be imported, then it is more expensive than domestic wine.
D)  If French wine must be imported, then it is not more expensive than domestic wine.
E)  If French wine need not be imported, then it is more expensive than domestic wine.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Exam 8: Reasoning With Syllogisms

What is the missing premise in the following hypothetical syllogism? French wine must be imported.So French wine is more expensive than domestic wine.

Correct Answer
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What conclusion follows from these premises? The camp does not offer both swimming and boating. The camp offers swimming.

Correct Answer
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If an argument uses quantity words like no, all, or some, that suggests that the argument is:

Correct Answer
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In a true hypothetical proposition:

Correct Answer
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What would the following proposition be in standard form? Only people with self-esteem are happy.

Correct Answer
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Is the following syllogism valid? Either there is an accounting error, or some of our members are not paying their dues. All of our members are paying their dues. There is an accounting error.

Correct Answer
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What would the following proposition be in standard form? As long as everyone agrees, we'll move the meeting to Thursday.

Correct Answer
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If a proposition uses a word like always, sometimes, never, everywhere, somewhere, or nowhere, that suggests that it should be formalized as what type of proposition?

Correct Answer
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What would the following proposition be in standard form? Only S is P.

Correct Answer
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Does every disjunctive proposition have an equivalent hypothetical proposition, such that the hypothetical could replace the disjunctive in any argument without otherwise changing the argument's structure?

Correct Answer
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If two logicians are distilling the same extended argument, is it possible that they would arrange the propositions into two different forms?

Correct Answer
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What conclusion follows from these premises? Someone will cook supper or no one will eat. Someone will eat.

Correct Answer
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What would the following proposition be in standard form? Barring anything unexpected, you will live to be 82 years old.

Correct Answer
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What would the following proposition be in standard form? There is a lid for every pot.

Correct Answer
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What is the missing conclusion in the following hypothetical syllogism? If the dinosaurs are extinct, then we can only study them from their fossils.And if we can only study them from their fossils, then our knowledge of them will always be incomplete.

Correct Answer
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What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If talent scouts attended the music festival, then the music festival was a success. The music festival was a success. So talent scouts attended the music festival.

Correct Answer
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Could there exist a proposition, p, for which there is no corresponding proposition, not-p?

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Exam 8: Reasoning With Syllogisms

What is the missing premise in the following hypothetical syllogism? French wine must be imported.So French wine is more expensive than domestic wine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conclusion follows from these premises? The camp does not offer both swimming and boating. The camp offers swimming.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an argument uses quantity words like no, all, or some, that suggests that the argument is:

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In a true hypothetical proposition:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Only people with self-esteem are happy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Is the following syllogism valid? Either there is an accounting error, or some of our members are not paying their dues. All of our members are paying their dues. There is an accounting error.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would the following proposition be in standard form? As long as everyone agrees, we'll move the meeting to Thursday.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a proposition uses a word like always, sometimes, never, everywhere, somewhere, or nowhere, that suggests that it should be formalized as what type of proposition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Only S is P.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Does every disjunctive proposition have an equivalent hypothetical proposition, such that the hypothetical could replace the disjunctive in any argument without otherwise changing the argument's structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If two logicians are distilling the same extended argument, is it possible that they would arrange the propositions into two different forms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conclusion follows from these premises? Someone will cook supper or no one will eat. Someone will eat.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Barring anything unexpected, you will live to be 82 years old.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would the following proposition be in standard form? There is a lid for every pot.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the missing conclusion in the following hypothetical syllogism? If the dinosaurs are extinct, then we can only study them from their fossils.And if we can only study them from their fossils, then our knowledge of them will always be incomplete.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If talent scouts attended the music festival, then the music festival was a success. The music festival was a success. So talent scouts attended the music festival.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Could there exist a proposition, p, for which there is no corresponding proposition, not-p?

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