Question 1

In a pre-nursing pathophysiology class the instructor is teaching about the regulation of fluid volume. How is fluid volume primarily regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)   Urine excretion
B)   Breathing
C)   Bowel elimination
D)   PerspirationE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The ICU nurse is precepting a nursing student. They are caring for a client who is in acute renal failure and anuric. The student asks the nurse how this client loses fluid from their body. What should the nurse respond? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)   Drooling
B)   Bleeding
C)   Breathing
D)   Bowel elimination
E)   PerspirationF) D) and E)
G) B) and D) C,D,E

Question 3

The Emergency Department (ED)  nurse is caring for a client who is known to make excessive use of laxatives who is showing signs of bradycardia. The client is admitted for hemodialysis. The ED nurse knows that a major goal of managing this client is what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Flush out excess magnesium
B)   Prevent magnesium sulfate reactions
C)   Provide mechanical ventilation
D)   Stop all laxativesE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance. One student asks another what the major chemical regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student respond?

Accepted Answer

A)   Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
B)   Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
C)   Sodium-potassium pump
D)   ADH-ANP buffer systemE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

A fluid volume deficit can be caused by either dehydration or hypovolemia. What is the distinction between the two?

Accepted Answer

A)   In hypovolemia all fluid compartments have decreased volumes.
B)   In dehydration intracellular fluid volume is depleted.
C)   In hypovolemia only blood volume is low.
D)   In dehydration only blood volume is low.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit.
B)   Yes, along with the hypotonic IV.
C)   No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
D)   No, sodium intake should be restricted.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above D

Question 7

A nursing instructor is teaching her class about burns. The instructor relates the following scenario: A nurse is caring for a severely burned client who now has elevated hematocrit and blood cell counts. What consequences should the nurse expect in this client?

Accepted Answer

A)   Slow heart rate
B)   Kidney stones and blood clots
C)   Imbalance in electrolytes
D)   Elevated central venous pressure (CVP) E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Your clients lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L. What condition is this client likely to have, judging by anion gap?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic acidosis
B)   Respiratory alkalosis
C)   Metabolic alkalosis
D)   Respiratory acidosisE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following conditions does the nurse need to confirm when he or she taps the facial nerve of a client who has dysphagia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypervolemia
B)   Hypercalcemia
C)   Hypomagnesemia
D)   HypermagnesemiaE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A client is brought in by ambulance in a nauseous and confused state and demonstrating carpopedal spasm. Initial arterial blood gasesshow increased pH and HCO3and normal PaCO2 levels. Breathing is slow and shallow. As the nurse caring for this client, you know that potassiumsalt should be a part of the treatment for this client when?

Accepted Answer

A)   Always
B)   When hypokalemia is present
C)   When there is volume depletion
D)   When base bicarbonate accumulatesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

You notify the physician that your client is third-spacing fluid. What orders would you expect the physician to give you?

Accepted Answer

A)   Restrict fluids
B)   Administer diuretics
C)   Start IV fluids and blood products
D)   Increase sodium in dietE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

You are making rounds on your clients. You find one of your clients struggling to breathe, appears confused, has tachycardia, and the skin appears dusky. What should you do to restore normal pH if ventilation efforts are not very successful?

Accepted Answer

A)   Give bronchodilators.
B)   Administer sodium bicarbonate IV.
C)   Start potassium IV.
D)   Infuse magnesium sulfate.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D) B

Question 13

The Emergency Department (ED)  nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The physician has ordered an arterial blood gas (ABG) . What is one of the most important indications of an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG?

Accepted Answer

A)   PaO2
B)   PO2
C)   Carbonic acid
D)   BicarbonateE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

A client was admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and their family? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)   Drink at least 8 glasses of fluid each day.
B)   Drink caffeinated beverages to retain fluid.
C)   Drink carbonated beverages to help balance fluid volume.
D)   Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs.
E)   Respond to thirst.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

You are caring for a client with severe hypokalemia. The physician has ordered IV potassium to be administered at 10 mEq/hr. The client complains of burning along their vein. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dilute the infusion.
B)   Switch to an oral formulation.
C)   Increase the speed of transfusion.
D)   Change the electrolyte.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

You are caring for a client that has been admitted with a possible clotting disorder. The client is complaining of excessive bleeding and bruising without cause. You know that you should take extra care to check for signs of bruising or bleeding in what condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dehydration
B)   Hypokalemia
C)   Hypocalcemia
D)   HypomagnesemiaE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

You are caring for a new client on your unit who is third-spacing fluid. You know to assess for what type of edema?

Accepted Answer

A)   Generalized
B)   Dependent
C)   Brassy
D)   PittingE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

What is one process by which dissolved chemicals from one area of the body to another?

Accepted Answer

A)   Passive osmosis
B)   Free flow
C)   Passive elimination
D)   Active transportE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Your client has a diagnosis of hypervolemia. What would be an important intervention that you would initiate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Give medications that promote fluid retention.
B)   Limit sodium and water intake.
C)   Assess for dehydration.
D)   Teach client behaviors that decrease urination.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

You are an ICU nurse who has just admitted a new client with an acid/base imbalance. What would you do to provide accurate baseline data for this client?

Accepted Answer

A)   Record intake and output
B)   Monitor lab values
C)   Document presenting signs and symptoms
D)   Implement medication orderedE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 16: Caring for Clients With Fluid, Electrolyte,and Acid base imbalances

In a pre-nursing pathophysiology class the instructor is teaching about the regulation of fluid volume. How is fluid volume primarily regulated?

Correct Answer
verified

The ICU nurse is precepting a nursing student. They are caring for a client who is in acute renal failure and anuric. The student asks the nurse how this client loses fluid from their body. What should the nurse respond? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer
verified
C,D,E

The Emergency Department (ED) nurse is caring for a client who is known to make excessive use of laxatives who is showing signs of bradycardia. The client is admitted for hemodialysis. The ED nurse knows that a major goal of managing this client is what?

Correct Answer
verified

A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance. One student asks another what the major chemical regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student respond?

Correct Answer
verified

A fluid volume deficit can be caused by either dehydration or hypovolemia. What is the distinction between the two?

Correct Answer
verified

A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?

Correct Answer
verified
D

A nursing instructor is teaching her class about burns. The instructor relates the following scenario: A nurse is caring for a severely burned client who now has elevated hematocrit and blood cell counts. What consequences should the nurse expect in this client?

Correct Answer
verified

Your clients lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L. What condition is this client likely to have, judging by anion gap?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following conditions does the nurse need to confirm when he or she taps the facial nerve of a client who has dysphagia?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You notify the physician that your client is third-spacing fluid. What orders would you expect the physician to give you?

Correct Answer
verified

You are making rounds on your clients. You find one of your clients struggling to breathe, appears confused, has tachycardia, and the skin appears dusky. What should you do to restore normal pH if ventilation efforts are not very successful?

Correct Answer
verified
B

The Emergency Department (ED) nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The physician has ordered an arterial blood gas (ABG) . What is one of the most important indications of an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG?

Correct Answer
verified

A client was admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and their family? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer
verified

You are caring for a client with severe hypokalemia. The physician has ordered IV potassium to be administered at 10 mEq/hr. The client complains of burning along their vein. What should you do?

Correct Answer
verified

You are caring for a client that has been admitted with a possible clotting disorder. The client is complaining of excessive bleeding and bruising without cause. You know that you should take extra care to check for signs of bruising or bleeding in what condition?

Correct Answer
verified

You are caring for a new client on your unit who is third-spacing fluid. You know to assess for what type of edema?

Correct Answer
verified

What is one process by which dissolved chemicals from one area of the body to another?

Correct Answer
verified

Your client has a diagnosis of hypervolemia. What would be an important intervention that you would initiate?

Correct Answer
verified

You are an ICU nurse who has just admitted a new client with an acid/base imbalance. What would you do to provide accurate baseline data for this client?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: Caring for Clients With Fluid, Electrolyte,and Acid base imbalances

In a pre-nursing pathophysiology class the instructor is teaching about the regulation of fluid volume. How is fluid volume primarily regulated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ICU nurse is precepting a nursing student. They are caring for a client who is in acute renal failure and anuric. The student asks the nurse how this client loses fluid from their body. What should the nurse respond? Select all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedC,D,E

The Emergency Department (ED) nurse is caring for a client who is known to make excessive use of laxatives who is showing signs of bradycardia. The client is admitted for hemodialysis. The ED nurse knows that a major goal of managing this client is what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance. One student asks another what the major chemical regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student respond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fluid volume deficit can be caused by either dehydration or hypovolemia. What is the distinction between the two?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A nursing instructor is teaching her class about burns. The instructor relates the following scenario: A nurse is caring for a severely burned client who now has elevated hematocrit and blood cell counts. What consequences should the nurse expect in this client?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your clients lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L. What condition is this client likely to have, judging by anion gap?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conditions does the nurse need to confirm when he or she taps the facial nerve of a client who has dysphagia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You notify the physician that your client is third-spacing fluid. What orders would you expect the physician to give you?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are making rounds on your clients. You find one of your clients struggling to breathe, appears confused, has tachycardia, and the skin appears dusky. What should you do to restore normal pH if ventilation efforts are not very successful?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The Emergency Department (ED) nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The physician has ordered an arterial blood gas (ABG) . What is one of the most important indications of an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A client was admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and their family? Select all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are caring for a client with severe hypokalemia. The physician has ordered IV potassium to be administered at 10 mEq/hr. The client complains of burning along their vein. What should you do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are caring for a client that has been admitted with a possible clotting disorder. The client is complaining of excessive bleeding and bruising without cause. You know that you should take extra care to check for signs of bruising or bleeding in what condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are caring for a new client on your unit who is third-spacing fluid. You know to assess for what type of edema?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one process by which dissolved chemicals from one area of the body to another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your client has a diagnosis of hypervolemia. What would be an important intervention that you would initiate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are an ICU nurse who has just admitted a new client with an acid/base imbalance. What would you do to provide accurate baseline data for this client?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C,D,E

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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D

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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