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Exam 7: Innovation and Change

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the _____ in a field or discipline.

A) human, technical, and conceptual skills needed
B) structure or personnel requirements
C) internal resource environment
D) knowledge, tools, and techniques
E) way information is retrieved

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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In the context of organizational development interventions, the purpose of _____ interventions is to change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department.

A) coercion
B) person­focused
C) ​large­system
D) unit­focused
E) hierarchy­focused

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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When resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, which of the following is the best approach that a manager can use to manage resistance to change?

The _____ approach to innovation asserts that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

Differentiate between the experiential and compression approaches to innovation. What is the single component that both approaches have in common?

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at an automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.

There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is _____.

An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is _____.

Touchstone Hardware was a popular company that specialized in making floppy disks. At the start of the 21st century, when people began switching to CDs and DVDs to store their information, it was brought to the notice of senior managers that the company needed to switch its focus to the new storage devices. However, managers did not feel it was important to switch. They dismissed CDs and DVDs as just a passing phase. At this point, which stage of organizational decline is the company in?

Identify and briefly describe the three things that companies need to be good at in order to successfully manage innovation streams. Explain why managing these factors is important. Specify which one of the three might tend to be more influenced by organizational culture and less influenced by a manager's own personal ability.

The typical S-curve pattern of innovation indicates that both early and late in the technology cycle, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance.

What works well when managing innovation after technological discontinuities also works well when managing innovation during periods of incremental change.

Milestones are formal review points that tend to lengthen the innovation process.

Which of the following is an aspect of the experiential approach to innovation?

When Red Arc Enterprises, a shipping company was merged with a larger shipping company, there was a strong resistance to change among the employees of Red Arc. When the CEO of Red Arc came to know of this, he met everyone and explained why the change was necessary and how it could serve to benefit all of them. Kurt Lewin would say that the company is in the _____ stage of managing organizational change.

A technology cycle begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies; it is then replaced by newer, substantially better technology.

Identify and briefly describe the three steps involved in the process of managing organizational change as defined by Kurt Lewin.

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment?

Provide one example of a common error made by managers when they lead change at each of the three steps of the change process.