Question 1

Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gordon Allport
B)   Albert Bandura
C)   Carl Rogers
D)   Alfred AdlerE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Freud indicated that defense mechanisms

Accepted Answer

A)   increase anxiety by consciously distorting reality.
B)   reduce anxiety by consciously distorting reality.
C)   increase anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
D)   reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

People who score high on the Big Five trait dimension of ________ tend to use more adjectives in their e-mail communications.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism
B)   conscientiousness
C)   agreeableness
D)   extraversionE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

According to Maslow, the top-level needs that arise after all other needs have been met include the needs for self-actualization and

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   self-transcendence.
C)   self-awareness.
D)   social acceptance.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through

Accepted Answer

A)   a genital stage before they enter a latency stage.
B)   a latency stage before they enter a phallic stage.
C)   a genital stage before they enter a phallic stage.
D)   a latency stage before they enter a genital stage.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)   MMPI
B)   Rorschach
C)   Free Association Index
D)   Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

To assess the attributional style of your classmates, you would be best advised to discover

Accepted Answer

A)   what grades they anticipate receiving in future courses.
B)   how they explain their academic failures, financial setbacks, and relationshipDifficulties.
C)   how much financial debt they are willing to incur in order to complete their a. education.
D)   how many people they consider to be their close friends.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Freud referred to the remembered story line of a dream as its

Accepted Answer

A)   archetype.
B)   erogenous zone.
C)   manifest content.
D)   psychosexual stage.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Contemporary psychologists are LEAST likely to agree with Freud's belief that

Accepted Answer

A)   conscience and gender identity form during the process of resolving theOedipus complex.
B)   conscious awareness of our own mental processes is very limited.
C)   memories are often distorted and incomplete.
D)   defense mechanisms help protect individuals from anxiety.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

When faced with an ever-increasing number of consumer product choices, people often experience the discomfort of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   the false consensus effect.
C)   information overload.
D)   the spotlight effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Regarding high self-esteem, psychologists who study the self have found that self- affirming thinking

Accepted Answer

A)   is generally maladaptive to the individual because it distorts reality by overinflating self-esteem.
B)   is generally adaptive to the individual because it reduces shyness, anxiety, andLoneliness.
C)   tends to prevent the individual from viewing others with compassion and understanding.
D)   tends not to characterize people who have experienced unconditional positiveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

After expending willpower by stifling prejudice during laboratory tasks, research participants were temporarily less

Accepted Answer

A)   hungry.
B)   aggressive.
C)   pessimistic.
D)   sexually restrained.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which of Freud's ideas would NOT be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   Development is essentially fixed in childhood.
B)   Sexuality is a potent drive in humans.
C)   The mind is an iceberg with consciousness being only the tip.
D)   Repression can be the cause of forgetting.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

People who describe themselves as outgoing may also say they like excitement and practical jokes. This cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together reflects a basic

Accepted Answer

A)   factor.
B)   complex.
C)   hierarchy of needs.
D)   reciprocal determinism.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion. This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic
B)   social-cognitive
C)   trait
D)   humanisticE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to

Accepted Answer

A)   Allport's interest in personality traits.
B)   Freud's interest in unconscious conflicts.
C)   Maslow's interest in self-actualization.
D)   Bandura's interest in personal control.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following personality assessment tools has been the most harshly criticized for lacking validity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
B)   Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
C)   Rorschach inkblot test
D)   MMPIE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   learned helplessness.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-serving bias.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The MMPI was originally developed to identify

Accepted Answer

A)   a hierarchy of needs.
B)   psychosexual stages.
C)   unconditional positive regard.
D)   emotional disorders.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

A religious leader who attempts to overcome his hidden doubts with intense expressions of spiritual certainty illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   reaction formation.
B)   projection.
C)   regression.
D)   displacement.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 13: Emotion

Freud indicated that defense mechanisms

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud referred to the remembered story line of a dream as its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion. This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A religious leader who attempts to overcome his hidden doubts with intense expressions of spiritual certainty illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess the attributional style of your classmates, you would be best advised to discover

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following personality assessment tools has been the most harshly criticized for lacking validity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who describe themselves as outgoing may also say they like excitement and practical jokes. This cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together reflects a basic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Maslow, the top-level needs that arise after all other needs have been met include the needs for self-actualization and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychologists are LEAST likely to agree with Freud's belief that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of Freud's ideas would NOT be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When faced with an ever-increasing number of consumer product choices, people often experience the discomfort of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After expending willpower by stifling prejudice during laboratory tasks, research participants were temporarily less

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who score high on the Big Five trait dimension of ________ tend to use more adjectives in their e-mail communications.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding high self-esteem, psychologists who study the self have found that self- affirming thinking

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MMPI was originally developed to identify

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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