A) Humans frequently engage in emulative learning.
B) Humans just love to learn.
C) Humans frequently engage in imitative learning.
D) Humans have large neocortices.
E) Humans have a small encephalization quotient.
G) A) and C)
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A) Prestige bias focuses on others who are highly respected, and similarity bias focuses on others who are not highly respected.
B) Similarity bias focuses on others who are highly respected, and prestige bias focuses on others who are not highly respected.
C) Prestige bias focuses on others who are highly respected, and similarity bias focuses on others who are similar to ourselves.
D) Similarity bias focuses on others who are highly respected, and prestige bias focuses on others who are similar to ourselves.
E) Prestige bias focuses on others who make the most money, and similarity bias focuses on others who are similar to our favorite celebrities.
G) None of the above
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A) Larger brains use less of the body's total metabolism than small brains.
B) Large brains require large skulls.
C) Large brains require an enormous amount of energy to function.
D) Humans have become more sedentary and consume fewer calories due to having large brains.
E) Humans' brains constitute nearly 20% of their body weight, making neck pain a persistent problem.
G) C) and E)
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) The answer cannot be determined from the available data.
G) A) and B)
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A) Cultural knowledge initially deteriorated due to an influx of outsiders into the population that diluted it; however, cultural knowledge later increased from population diversity.
B) Cultural knowledge deteriorated due to malnutrition, which reduced the neocortex ratio.
C) Cultural knowledge deteriorated due to immigration, which created confusion as to what qualified as cultural knowledge.
D) Cultural knowledge deteriorated because of population shrinkage, which led to a lack of skilled models for people to copy.
E) Cultural knowledge initially increased due to immigration and population diversity; however, it later deteriorated because it is in the nature of cultural evolution that some cultural ideas fall out of favor in time.
G) C) and D)
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A) an appetizer dish that does not come on a sizzling platter
B) an appetizer dish that comes on a sizzling platter
C) two appetizers: one on a sizzling platter and one not on a sizzling platter
D) a main dish not on a sizzling platter and no appetizers.
E) a main dish on a sizzling platter and no appetizers.
G) B) and E)
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A) yes, because chimpanzees use mentalizing as much as humans
B) yes, because chimpanzees have excellent working memory
C) no, because chimpanzees are incapable of cultural transmission
D) no, because chimpanzees are a nonsocial species
E) no, because chimpanzees perform poorly when it comes to imitative learning
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G) B) and E)
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A) It describes how culture shapes the evolution of genes.
B) It describes how genes shape the evolution of culture.
C) It distinguishes the evolution of humans from the evolution of other species.
D) It explains how culture and genes interact over time: Humans have genetically evolved behaviors that contribute to cultural practices, and cultural practices also evolve over time and can influence genetic evolution.
E) All of the above are correct.
G) A) and C)
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A) increased muscle mass
B) shorter fingers and limbs
C) increased energetic demands elsewhere on the body
D) increased encephalization quotient
E) lengthened digestive tract
G) C) and E)
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A) Species B has the largest encephalization quotient.
B) Species C deals with the highest levels of social complexity.
C) Species D and C have, respectively, the largest and the smallest neocortex ratios.
D) Species A has the largest neocortex ratio.
E) Species B and D have the same neocortex ratio.
G) A) and B)
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