Question 1

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is composed of about 1,000 cells, in which the developmental origin of each cell has been mapped
B)   has only a single chromosome, which has been fully sequenced
C)   has about 1,000 genes, each of which has been fully sequenced
D)   uniquely, among animals, utilizes programmed cell death during normal developmentE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   determination
B)   cleavage
C)   induction
D)   gastrulationE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Use the following information to answer the question.
In order to test how sea urchin sperm bind to eggs, scientists isolated the egg receptor protein that binds to the sperm acrosomal protein called bindin. Plastic beads were coated with egg receptor for bindin (ERB1) from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and then the beads mixed with sperm from S. purpuratus or from the related species, S. franciscanus. The researchers counted how many sperm were bound to each bead. The results are shown in the graph below. (Adapted from Kamei and Glabe 2003) 
Treatments:
A: S. purpuratus sperm mixed with S. purpuratus ERB1 beads
B: S. purpuratus sperm mixed with beads containing no ERB1 protein
C: S. franciscanus sperm mixed with S. purpuratus ERB1 beads
D: S. franciscanus sperm mixed with beads containing no ERB1 protein

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following conclusions is supported?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plastic beads will bind to sperm from both species of sea urchin.
B)   ERB1 prevents S. franciscanus sperm from binding the beads.
C)   Sperm from S. purpuratus bind to beads only if ERB1 is present.
D)   S. franciscanus and S. purpuratus are actually the same species.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

In humans, identical twins are possible because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cytoplasmic determinants are distributed unevenly in unfertilized eggs
B)   extraembryonic cells interact with the zygote nucleus
C)   early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated
D)   the gray crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cellsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

In sea urchins, the "fast block" and the longer lasting "slow block" to polyspermy, respectively, are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the acrosomal reaction and the formation of egg white
B)   the cortical reaction and the formation of yolk protein
C)   the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline membrane
D)   membrane depolarization and the cortical reactionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The migratory neural crest cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   form most of the central nervous system
B)   form the spinal cord in the frog
C)   form a variety of neural and non-neural structures
D)   form the lining of the lungs and of the digestive tractE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

The archenteron of the developing sea urchin eventually develops into the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   blastocoel
B)   heart and lungs
C)   digestive tract
D)   brain and spinal cordE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were

Accepted Answer

A)   totipotent.
B)   determined.
C)   differentiated.
D)   mesenchymal.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the question.
In order to test how sea urchin sperm bind to eggs, scientists isolated the egg receptor protein that binds to the sperm acrosomal protein called bindin. Plastic beads were coated with egg receptor for bindin (ERB1) from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and then the beads mixed with sperm from S. purpuratus or from the related species, S. franciscanus. The researchers counted how many sperm were bound to each bead. The results are shown in the graph below. (Adapted from Kamei and Glabe 2003) 
Treatments:
A: S. purpuratus sperm mixed with S. purpuratus ERB1 beads
B: S. purpuratus sperm mixed with beads containing no ERB1 protein
C: S. franciscanus sperm mixed with S. purpuratus ERB1 beads
D: S. franciscanus sperm mixed with beads containing no ERB1 protein

Based on the description of the experiment, which of the treatments would be considered a "control" treatment for S. purpuratus sperm binding?

Accepted Answer

A)   Treatment A
B)   Treatment B
C)   Treatment C
D)   Treatment DE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the formation of a fertilization envelope
B)   the production of a fast block to polyspermy
C)   the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm
D)   the generation of an electrical impulse by the eggE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Cell migration occurs extensively during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   organogenesis, but not during gastrulation or cleavage
B)   cleavage, but not during gastrulation or organogenesis
C)   gastrulation and cleavage
D)   both gastrulation and organogenesisE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

In a newly fertilized egg, the vitelline layer ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lifts away from the egg and hardens to form a fertilization envelope
B)   secretes hormones that enhance steroidogenesis by the ovary
C)   reduces the loss of water from the egg and prevents desiccation
D)   provides most of the nutrients used by the zygoteE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

In a frog embryo, gastrulation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere
B)   occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere
C)   proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore
D)   occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolkE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Accepted Answer

A)   the formation of a fertilization envelope.
B)   the production of a fast block to polyspermy.
C)   the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg.
D)   the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)   holoblastic cleavage
B)   epiblast and hypoblast
C)   trophoblast
D)   gray crescentE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

Accepted Answer

A)   blastula → gastrula → cleavage
B)   cleavage → gastrula → blastula
C)   cleavage → blastula → gastrula
D)   gastrula → blastula → cleavageE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)   first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction
B)   cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division
C)   cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins
D)   acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell divisionE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fertilization membrane
B)   egg plasma membrane
C)   cytosol of the egg
D)   mitochondria of the eggE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the daughter cell with the entire gray crescent will die
B)   both daughter cells will develop normally, because amphibians are totipotent at this stage
C)   only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normally
D)   both daughter cells will develop abnormallyE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

One primary factor in shaping the polarity of the body axes in chick embryos is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   light
B)   membrane potential
C)   gravity
D)   moistureE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 47: Animal Development

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then ________.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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One primary factor in shaping the polarity of the body axes in chick embryos is ________.

Correct Answer
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The migratory neural crest cells ________.

Correct Answer
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In a newly fertilized egg, the vitelline layer ________.

Correct Answer
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From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Correct Answer
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The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in ________.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

Correct Answer
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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ________.

Correct Answer
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The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Correct Answer
verified

The archenteron of the developing sea urchin eventually develops into the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In sea urchins, the "fast block" and the longer lasting "slow block" to polyspermy, respectively, are ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

Correct Answer
verified

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In humans, identical twins are possible because ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were

Correct Answer
verified

Cell migration occurs extensively during ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In a frog embryo, gastrulation ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 47: Animal Development

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One primary factor in shaping the polarity of the body axes in chick embryos is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The migratory neural crest cells ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a newly fertilized egg, the vitelline layer ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The archenteron of the developing sea urchin eventually develops into the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In sea urchins, the "fast block" and the longer lasting "slow block" to polyspermy, respectively, are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans, identical twins are possible because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cell migration occurs extensively during ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a frog embryo, gastrulation ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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