A) Penetration pricing is a profit-oriented approach to pricing.
B) Penetration pricing is a cost-oriented pricing method.
C) Penetration pricing encourages competitors to enter a market.
D) Penetration pricing is more effective for a price-sensitive market segment.
E) Penetration pricing usually precedes a skimming pricing.
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Multiple Choice
A) the service sector is
B) the market or competitors are
C) the global economy is
D) suppliers are
E) the financial markets are
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Multiple Choice
A) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage increase in quantity demanded.
B) a small percentage decrease in price produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded.
C) an increase in price causes a larger increase in quantity demanded.
D) the quantity demanded remains the same regardless of level of price.
E) no change in price produces a small percentage change in quantity demanded.
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A) customary pricing.
B) above-, at-, or below-market pricing.
C) standard markup pricing.
D) competitive margin pricing.
E) experience curve pricing.
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A) charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
B) setting a low initial price on a new product to appeal immediately to the mass market odd-even pricing.
C) setting a market price for a product or product class based on a subjective feel for the competitors' price or market price.
D) setting a high price so that quality- or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it.
E) setting a price that is dictated by tradition, a standardized channel of distribution, or other competitive factors.
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A) fixed costs.
B) break-even point.
C) variable costs.
D) profit.
E) total revenue.
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A) risk opportunity investment.
B) revised organizational incentives.
C) return on investment.
D) regulated organizational investments.
E) replenishment of organizational inventories.
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A) price fixing.
B) predatory pricing.
C) price discrimination.
D) deceptive pricing.
E) geographical pricing.
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A) tuition
B) operating costs
C) liquidity
D) value
E) brand equity
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Multiple Choice
A) Lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing the sales volume and reducing the unit cost.
B) The high initial price will not attract competitors.
C) A low initial price discourages competitors from entering the market.
D) Customers interpret the high price as signifying high quality.
E) Enough prospective customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price to make these sales profitable.
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A) penetration
B) prestige
C) bundle
D) odd-even
E) standard markup
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A) a onetime discount to promote the product that must be used within a certain time frame.
B) the cash payments or an extra amount of free goods awarded sellers in the marketing channel for undertaking certain advertising or selling activities to promote the product.
C) the return of money to promote the product based on proof of purchase.
D) a short-term price reduction when consumer demand takes a significant and unexpected dip.
E) an incentive, such as trips, cruises, jewelry, etc., presented to brand-loyal customers.
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Multiple Choice
A) a marginal analysis
B) a profit equation
C) a reference value
D) a break-even analysis
E) price elasticity of demand
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Multiple Choice
A) penetration pricing
B) target pricing
C) loss-leader pricing
D) target return-on-investment pricing
E) standard markup pricing
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A) charges.
B) countertrade.
C) profit.
D) price.
E) currency.
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A) rewards given to retailers to encourage early payment.
B) payment extensions given to cash-strapped consumers during the current recession.
C) list price deductions based on surges in consumer demand.
D) list price deductions based on sudden drops in consumer demand.
E) reductions from list or quoted prices to buyers for performing some activity.
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Multiple Choice
A) price fixing
B) price discrimination
C) deceptive pricing
D) predatory pricing
E) pricing constraints
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Multiple Choice
A) skimming pricing.
B) status pricing.
C) price lining.
D) value pricing.
E) prestige pricing.
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