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Which of the following statements about penetration pricing is most accurate?


A) Penetration pricing is a profit-oriented approach to pricing.
B) Penetration pricing is a cost-oriented pricing method.
C) Penetration pricing encourages competitors to enter a market.
D) Penetration pricing is more effective for a price-sensitive market segment.
E) Penetration pricing usually precedes a skimming pricing.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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What is standard markup pricing and when would it be used?

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Standard markup pricing entails adding a...

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Rather than emphasize demand, cost, or profit factors, a price setter can stress what ________ doing.


A) the service sector is
B) the market or competitors are
C) the global economy is
D) suppliers are
E) the financial markets are

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Elastic demand exists when


A) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage increase in quantity demanded.
B) a small percentage decrease in price produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded.
C) an increase in price causes a larger increase in quantity demanded.
D) the quantity demanded remains the same regardless of level of price.
E) no change in price produces a small percentage change in quantity demanded.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Setting a market price for a product or product class based on a subjective feel for the competitors' price or market price as the benchmark is referred to as


A) customary pricing.
B) above-, at-, or below-market pricing.
C) standard markup pricing.
D) competitive margin pricing.
E) experience curve pricing.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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Prestige pricing refers to


A) charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
B) setting a low initial price on a new product to appeal immediately to the mass market odd-even pricing.
C) setting a market price for a product or product class based on a subjective feel for the competitors' price or market price.
D) setting a high price so that quality- or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it.
E) setting a price that is dictated by tradition, a standardized channel of distribution, or other competitive factors.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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  Figure 11-6a -In the break-even chart in Figure 11-7a above, the rectangular area EBCD represents the firm's A)  fixed costs. B)  break-even point. C)  variable costs. D)  profit. E)  total revenue. Figure 11-6a -In the break-even chart in Figure 11-7a above, the rectangular area EBCD represents the firm's


A) fixed costs.
B) break-even point.
C) variable costs.
D) profit.
E) total revenue.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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A firm's profit objective is often measured in terms of ROI. The acronym ROI stands for


A) risk opportunity investment.
B) revised organizational incentives.
C) return on investment.
D) regulated organizational investments.
E) replenishment of organizational inventories.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The practice of charging a very low price for a product with the intent of driving competitors out of business is referred to as


A) price fixing.
B) predatory pricing.
C) price discrimination.
D) deceptive pricing.
E) geographical pricing.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is an example of a price?


A) tuition
B) operating costs
C) liquidity
D) value
E) brand equity

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A penetration pricing policy is most likely to be effective when which of these is true?


A) Lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing the sales volume and reducing the unit cost.
B) The high initial price will not attract competitors.
C) A low initial price discourages competitors from entering the market.
D) Customers interpret the high price as signifying high quality.
E) Enough prospective customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price to make these sales profitable.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Delta Air Lines offers vacation packages that include airfare, car rental, and lodging. Delta is using a(n) ________ pricing strategy.


A) penetration
B) prestige
C) bundle
D) odd-even
E) standard markup

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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A promotional allowance is


A) a onetime discount to promote the product that must be used within a certain time frame.
B) the cash payments or an extra amount of free goods awarded sellers in the marketing channel for undertaking certain advertising or selling activities to promote the product.
C) the return of money to promote the product based on proof of purchase.
D) a short-term price reduction when consumer demand takes a significant and unexpected dip.
E) an incentive, such as trips, cruises, jewelry, etc., presented to brand-loyal customers.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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If you know the contents and price of a McDonald's Extra Value Meal, it may serve as ________ to you when you visit other fast food restaurants and consider the purchase of a meal option there.


A) a marginal analysis
B) a profit equation
C) a reference value
D) a break-even analysis
E) price elasticity of demand

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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What is the difference between a one-price policy and a dynamic-price policy?

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A one-price policy, also called fixed pr...

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Which of the following is a profit-oriented approach to pricing?


A) penetration pricing
B) target pricing
C) loss-leader pricing
D) target return-on-investment pricing
E) standard markup pricing

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Insurance premiums, entrance fees, train fares, and organization dues are all examples of


A) charges.
B) countertrade.
C) profit.
D) price.
E) currency.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Allowances, like discounts, are


A) rewards given to retailers to encourage early payment.
B) payment extensions given to cash-strapped consumers during the current recession.
C) list price deductions based on surges in consumer demand.
D) list price deductions based on sudden drops in consumer demand.
E) reductions from list or quoted prices to buyers for performing some activity.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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In the early 1980s, typical round-trip coach airfares from the East Coast to London were more than $500. Then Freddie Laker introduced the People's Express, a competing service into Newark at $350. Major airlines matched his price and did so until they drove People's Express out of business. Then prices shot back up to over $500. A lawsuit filed under the Sherman Act resulted in a judgment that the major airlines had explicitly tried to destroy a competitor. The People's Express case is an example of ________ on the part of the major airlines.


A) price fixing
B) price discrimination
C) deceptive pricing
D) predatory pricing
E) pricing constraints

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Setting a high price so that quality- or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it is referred to as


A) skimming pricing.
B) status pricing.
C) price lining.
D) value pricing.
E) prestige pricing.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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