Question 1

A fundamental force behind the development of single-system designs is:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers are looking for a more generalizable model than experiments.
B)  human service professionals want to know how a client is responding to an intervention
C)  service providers are facing expectations to publish in journals
D)  survey research is too expensive.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

The application of the clinical research model is often impractical because:

Accepted Answer

A)  clients are reluctant to participate in research.
B)  it is difficult to integrate single-system designs into practice settings.
C)  the most rigorous single-system designs are difficult to apply because of irreversible treatments.
D)  baseline measurements are very difficult to obtain.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The first few letters of the alphabet are used to identify the various single-system designs. What does the letter B always symbolize

Accepted Answer

A)  the period before the client contacts the clinician
B)  a treatment phase
C)  a nontreatment phase
D)  a nonmeasurement phaseE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

In terms of assessing treatment effects, the most desirable type of baseline for a single-system design is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a rising trend.
B)  a stable one.
C)  a descending trend.
D)  an unstable one.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which term is synonymous with "clinical research model"

Accepted Answer

A)  empirical practice model
B)  qualitative evaluation model
C)  practice-intervention model
D)  case history modelE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

In general, clinician-researchers should choose the single-system design that:

Accepted Answer

A)  has the most baseline measures.
B)  is the most valid design.
C)  has the fewest baseline measures.
D)  requires no baseline measures.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following is a major issue to be settled in establishing a baseline

Accepted Answer

A)  What to measure for a baseline.
B)  How to measure the variable for the baseline.
C)  What intervention should be used.
D)  What to measure for a baseline, and how to measure the variable for the baseline.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

What is a changing criterion design in single-system research, and what are the requirements for its use

Accepted Answer

A changing criterion design in single-sy...

Question 9

In clinical research, the baseline phase is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of measurements of the client's condition during the time treatment is in progress.
B)  a series of measurements of the client's condition prior to the beginning of treatment.
C)  a series of measurements of the client's condition after treatment has ended.
D)  a series of measurements of the client's condition a year or more after an apparently successful treatment to assess long term effects.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

The generalizability of single-system experiments is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nonexistent.
B)  very high if the treatment effects are strong.
C)  only proved through successful replication.
D)  not an issue.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

How do goals under the clinical-research model differ from goals that might be established under traditional practice

Accepted Answer

A)  Only clinical-research goals deal with long-term outcomes.
B)  Clinical-research goals cannot be operationalized.
C)  Clinical-research goals are more specific and precisely defined than goals in traditional practice.
D)  Goals under the clinical-research model represent a radical departure from traditional practice.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Why are case histories inferior to single-system designs as a source of clinical knowledge

Accepted Answer

A)  Case histories exhibit only to a limited degree the characteristics that distinguish science from other sources of knowledge.
B)  Case histories are generally only prepared on cases of success, not failures.
C)  Case histories often fail to report valid and reliable data to support conclusions.
D)  All of the answers represent reasons why case histories are inferior.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following exemplifies reversal designs

Accepted Answer

A)  ABBB
B)  ABA
C)  ABAB
D)  Both ABA and ABAB are reversal designsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

In single-system research, a treatment that leads clients to fully achieve the goals that have been set for them is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  therapeutically effective.
B)  experimentally effective.
C)  statistically effective.
D)  substantively effective.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Identify, explain, and evaluate the four ways available for measuring baseline data.

Accepted Answer

The four ways available for measuring ba...

Question 16

Low cost and unobtrusiveness are reasons for considering this approach to data collection in single-system designs.

Accepted Answer

A)  observation
B)  paper and pencil measures
C)  client self reports
D)  existing recordsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

When single-system designs and their replications are conducted, which of the following practices is considered crucial

Accepted Answer

A)  Substantial information about client characteristics and background should be collected.
B)  Treatments should be kept uniform across cases.
C)  Standardized tests rather than observation should be used.
D)  Substantial information about client characteristics and background should be collected, and treatments should be kept uniform across cases.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Proximate goals in clinical research are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the final goals to be achieved through treatment and for which evidence is sought in short term goals.
B)  personal goals of the clinician.
C)  personal goals of the client.
D)  intermediate goals whose achievement is evidence of progress toward long term treatment goals.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Identify and distinguish between the three different criteria that can be used in assessing whether a treatment has been effective in a single-system design study.

Accepted Answer

The three different criteria that can be...

Question 20

The major distinguishing characteristic of the changing criterion design is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the client is led to achieve the final treatment goal in stages by achieving a series of subgoals.
B)  that it ends in a nontreatment phase.
C)  that it can accommodate several treatments either serially or in combination.
D)  that it is very flexible and can be applied to virtually any client problem.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 11: Single-System Designs

Identify, explain, and evaluate the four ways available for measuring baseline data.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe four ways available for measuring ba...View AnswerShow Answer

Why are case histories inferior to single-system designs as a source of clinical knowledge

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Low cost and unobtrusiveness are reasons for considering this approach to data collection in single-system designs.

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A fundamental force behind the development of single-system designs is:

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Identify and distinguish between the three different criteria that can be used in assessing whether a treatment has been effective in a single-system design study.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe three different criteria that can be...View AnswerShow Answer

How do goals under the clinical-research model differ from goals that might be established under traditional practice

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What is a changing criterion design in single-system research, and what are the requirements for its use

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA changing criterion design in single-sy...View AnswerShow Answer

When single-system designs and their replications are conducted, which of the following practices is considered crucial

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Proximate goals in clinical research are:

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Which term is synonymous with "clinical research model"

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Which of the following is a major issue to be settled in establishing a baseline

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In terms of assessing treatment effects, the most desirable type of baseline for a single-system design is:

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Which of the following exemplifies reversal designs

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In general, clinician-researchers should choose the single-system design that:

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The first few letters of the alphabet are used to identify the various single-system designs. What does the letter B always symbolize

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The major distinguishing characteristic of the changing criterion design is:

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In clinical research, the baseline phase is:

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The generalizability of single-system experiments is:

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In single-system research, a treatment that leads clients to fully achieve the goals that have been set for them is called:

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The application of the clinical research model is often impractical because:

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The four ways available for measuring ba...
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The three different criteria that can be...
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A changing criterion design in single-sy...
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