Question 1

Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other; this is a phenomenon known as (cross/multiple/synergistic) resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of...

Question 2

The abbreviation (MBC/MIC/MID) stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen. (Be sure to use all capital letters.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The abbreviation (MBC/MIC/MID) stands for the smallest...

Question 3

Beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   animal cells
B)   bacterial cells
C)   fungal cells
D)   virus-infected cells
E)   both animal and fungal cellsF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Nucleotide or nucleoside (acids/analogs/antisense) are antimicrobial agents that mimic the chemical structure of DNA building blocks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nucleotide or nucleoside (acids/analogs/antisense) are antimicrobial agents...

Question 5

Which of the following tests does NOT provide information on the lowest concentration of drug effective on a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   Etest
B)   diffusion susceptibility test
C)   broth dilution test
D)   both the Etest and diffusion susceptibility test
E)   MBC testF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug's spectrum of action narrow rather than broad.

Accepted Answer

When a drug is labeled "narrow-spectrum,...

Question 7

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   cross resistance.
B)   antimetabolism.
C)   synergism.
D)   selective toxicity.
E)   chemotherapy.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum) concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive but are not able to grow and reproduce.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum) concentration of a drug is...

Question 9

Antimicrobials that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are

Accepted Answer

A)   aminoglycosides.
B)   antisense nucleic acids.
C)   macrolides.
D)   beta-lactams.
E)   nucleic acid analogs.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D) B

Question 10

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   vancomycin
B)   penicillin
C)   methicillin
D)   isoniazid
E)   bacitracinF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Bacillus licheniformis secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   analog.
B)   antibiotic.
C)   chemotherapeutic.
D)   porin.
E)   toxin.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Biofilms contribute to the spread of resistance to antimicrobials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Explain the concept of selective toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Selective toxicity is the underlying pri...

Question 14

The mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin is

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition of protein synthesis.
B)   inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
C)   inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis.
D)   inhibition of a metabolic pathway.
E)   disruption of cytoplasmic membranes.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The topical drug ________ inhibits protein synthesis in Gram positive bacteria by preventing loading of isoleucine onto tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   Amphotericin B
B)   Bacitracin
C)   Ciprofloxacin
D)   Mupirocin
E)   TetracyclineF) A) and C)
G) A) and D) D

Question 16

Paul Erhlich discovered the first antibiotic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when

Accepted Answer

A)   exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells.
B)   exposure to drugs causes mutations that produce resistance.
C)   resistant cells become numerous in a population due to their greater vigor.
D)   the patient becomes immune to the drug.
E)   synergy between medications occurs.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test, the concentration of the drug was bactericidal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Some bacteria are resistant to erythromycin as a result of mutation of their ribosomal RNA. What type of resistance does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   alteration of the target of the drug
B)   inactivation of the drug
C)   change in the permeability of the drug
D)   overproduction of an enzyme in a key metabolic pathway
E)   removal of the drug via a pumpF) A) and B)
G) D) and E) A

Exam 10:Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other; this is a phenomenon known as (cross/multiple/synergistic) resistance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The abbreviation (MBC/MIC/MID) stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen. (Be sure to use all capital letters.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nucleotide or nucleoside (acids/analogs/antisense) are antimicrobial agents that mimic the chemical structure of DNA building blocks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following tests does NOT provide information on the lowest concentration of drug effective on a pathogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug's spectrum of action narrow rather than broad.

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen a drug is labeled "narrow-spectrum,...View AnswerShow Answer

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum) concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive but are not able to grow and reproduce.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antimicrobials that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacillus licheniformis secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. This is an example of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biofilms contribute to the spread of resistance to antimicrobials.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the concept of selective toxicity.

Correct AnswerverifiedSelective toxicity is the underlying pri...View AnswerShow Answer

The mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The topical drug ________ inhibits protein synthesis in Gram positive bacteria by preventing loading of isoleucine onto tRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Paul Erhlich discovered the first antibiotic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test, the concentration of the drug was bactericidal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some bacteria are resistant to erythromycin as a result of mutation of their ribosomal RNA. What type of resistance does this represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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When a drug is labeled "narrow-spectrum,...
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B

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Selective toxicity is the underlying pri...
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D

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A