A) political harmony had unified the cabinet
B) political squabbling had divided the government
C) political parties had not yet formed
D) the machinery of government had been brought to a standstill
E) politicians listened only to public opinion
G) C) and D)
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A) The late eighteenth century was a simpler time; people were either farmers or professionals; few people discussed politics or financial systems.
B) Debate about politics and finances was more intense in the late eighteenth century; strife resulted as people established political and financial systems.
C) In the late eighteenth century, politics and finances were intertwined; today financial institutions are separate from the influence of political systems.
D) Both the financial and political climates of the late eighteenth century and today can be characterized as generally peaceful and focused on domestic affairs.
E) The political and financial climates of both times can be characterized as strife-filled, interdependent on each other, and heavily influenced by foreign affairs.
G) C) and E)
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A) He was unanimously elected by the Electoral College.
B) He was elected by the public as there was no Electoral College yet.
C) He was not "elected" but rather appointed by Congress.
D) He is the only army general to become president.
E) He is the only president who wasn't born on American soil.
G) C) and E)
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A) Republicans and Federalist should be united against the Whigs
B) he hoped to make common cause with the Federalists
C) there were no real differences between these two parties
D) Americans still shared a common political ideology
E) the real threat was the Whig-Tory split
G) C) and D)
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A) It mistook Jay's Treaty for an Anglo-American alliance.
B) It needed the additional sources of revenue.
C) It needed protection on its southwest borders.
D) The United States threatened direct military action.
E) It thought America and France had agreed to take Spain's North American land.
G) B) and C)
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A) he was overwhelmingly reelected in 1800
B) the United States resolved its differences with France
C) the Federalist Party remained the major party
D) France compensated the United States for ships taken
E) the French added even more restrictions on U.S. commerce
G) C) and D)
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A) It threatened their political right to disagree with and speak out against the government.
B) It gave the Federalists too much power and reduced the Republicans' power.
C) It suspended free elections, depriving all white males of their voting rights.
D) It expanded the powers of Congress, which meant bigger government.
E) It allowed libel convictions without a jury trial, affecting people's judicial rights.
G) B) and E)
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A) He counseled Jay on whom to see and what to say when he went to England.
B) He wrote the terms of the treaty, consolidating his and Madison's ideas.
C) He informed the French of the treaty, allowing them to attack England.
D) He set the terms of the treaty by secret communications with Britain.
E) He filibustered in Congress, stalling the ratification until the treaty expired.
G) A) and C)
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A) changed the process of electing the president and vice president
B) decreased presidential power
C) heightened the potential for further political conflict
D) stopped the African slave trade
E) dealt with the judicial power of the United States
G) B) and D)
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A) He proposed a law in Congress to tax English imports at a high rate, generating enough income to buy the Southwest from Spain.
B) He banned political parties, cooling passionate debates so that the nation could focus on expansion.
C) He repaired relations with France and created a sense of trust so that the U.S. could eventually purchase the Louisiana Territory.
D) He gave the U.S. Army permission to clear Native Americans from the lands, using violence if necessary.
E) He appeased Britain with tax agreements and U.S. army assistance in the war against France, so Britain gave the U.S. the land that is now Montana.
G) B) and C)
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A) low tariffs on imported goods
B) congressional taxes on industrial goods
C) protective tariffs
D) strict laissez faire
E) a fluctuating tariff schedule
G) A) and C)
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A) Many of those who had collaborated closely during the American Revolution found themselves bitter enemies.
B) Political leadership passed from those active in the American Revolution to a new generation of statesmen.
C) Friendships among those active in the American Revolution continued under Washington's two terms.
D) Differences that developed during the Revolution created the political parties that emerged under Washington.
E) While those who were prominent remained united, political parties emerged under the leadership of a new generation of leaders.
G) B) and C)
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A) taking the French West Indies
B) suppressing internal political dissent
C) conquering Canada
D) pacifying the Indian tribes of the Ohio Valley
E) pumping federal dollars into a sagging economy
G) A) and D)
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A) The XYZ Affair was the most significant "battle" in the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France.
B) The Quasi-War was one factor leading to the XYZ Affair.
C) They XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War are examples of European attacks on the United States.
D) The XYZ Affair ended the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France.
E) The XYZ Affair was a disagreement between England and the U.S., whereas the Quasi-War was a disagreement between France and the U.S.
G) B) and D)
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A) he feared Hamilton's growing political power
B) the powers of state government would be reduced
C) he believed only speculators would benefit
D) it did not foster the government of the Revolution
E) many soldiers had lost the old loan certificates that entitled them to payment
G) B) and C)
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A) getting British troops to withdraw from the northwest forts
B) opening New Orleans to U.S. commerce
C) pacifying Southerners who had lost slaves during the war
D) humiliating the French
E) calming Washington's anxieties
G) None of the above
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A) They were much smaller, consisting of only three offices, whereas today's cabinet comprises dozens of secretaries and thousands of employees.
B) They were much larger; having to lay the groundwork for a new nation required more manpower than running a superpower today.
C) Their cabinets had less power; they acted only as advisors to the president and couldn't create any actual policies.
D) Their cabinet members, being from the same political party, accomplished more by cooperating better than today's members.
E) Their cabinets met less frequently as they were busy traveling about the country or Europe, whereas today's members stay mainly in Washington, D.C.
G) None of the above
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A) ultimate power always remained with the federal government
B) states had the right to nullify federal law under certain circumstances
C) the Sedition Act was worthy of enforcement by the states
D) Kentucky chose to remain neutral in the contest between Hamilton and Jefferson
E) the "general welfare" of the nation should be the guiding principle in state decisions
G) D) and E)
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A) Disillusioned by political factions, he created his own political party.
B) He regretted supporting England in the war, and began to support France.
C) He regretted supporting France in the war, and began to support England.
D) He shifted from neutrality to a closer alliance with the Federalists.
E) He shifted from neutrality to a closer alliance with the Republicans.
G) A) and D)
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