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Exam 5: Social Cognition

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Question 41

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Hilda is on a low carbohydrate diet, which restricts her from eating foods such as white bread, potato chips, and porridge.The more Hilda thinks about the fact that she cannot eat such foods, however, the more desperately she begins to crave them.Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as a(n) ____.

A) oxymoronic attribution
B) ironic process
C) false activation
D) mental paradox

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 42

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Actors are also more likely than observers to explain their acts by ____.

A) sharing their desires
B) citing their beliefs
C) analysing their perceptions
D) taking responsibility for any issues

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 43

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Schemas and scripts are both examples of ____.

Danitha is taking a first year course at her university.In that class, the teacher works with students to help them identify the criteria they use to make decisions, and points out how some of the criteria might not produce the desired outcomes.The teacher is probably trying to ____.

The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in ____ research.

Feeling sorry for misfortunes, limitations, losses, transgressions, shortcomings, or mistakes is called ____.

Across many different contexts and settings, people prefer to attribute their successes to ability and effort but tend to attribute their failures to bad luck or task difficulty.This is known as ____.

People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than conscious modes of thought) whenever they can.That is, people tend to ____.

In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS.Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates) .Thus, people tend to think that they see a lesbian-AIDS relationship when in fact there is no such relationship.This is a good example of the ____.

Why did Victor park his car in a loading zone, where he might get a ticket? If you assume it is because his car happened to break down right then and there, in the loading zone, then you have made a(n) ____.

Lekeshia is exhausted from staying up too late and doesn't perform very well at her swimming competition as a result.Lekeshia will probably describe her poor performance as ____.

Suppose that Greg and Ayesha both apply for a prestigious scholarship , and both get rejected.Greg finds out that his application was flat out rejected (he never had a chance) , while Ayesha finds out that she was the first runner up (she nearly won) .Who is likely to be more disappointed? Why?

The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who ____.

Even though Vusi never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes) , drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere.Your (false) assumption that Vusi is an athlete is MOST clearly an example of the ____.

Research indicates that ____ and ____ are two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias.

People tend to want to explore MOST issues thoroughly before making decisions.

Njabulo has a definite idea of what a flat is like.It is a small flat on the fifth floor with no lift, the kitchen is better suited to take-out meals than dinner parties, and the views are limited to alleys and the windows of other flats.As a result, when she moves to a small city and is flat hunting, she shocks the estate agent by repeatedly commenting about how big the rooms are, how spacious and well-equipped the kitchens are, how nice the views are, and how convenient the lifts are in getting to a third floor flat.Njabulo's apartment ____ has been violated by the flats she is viewing.

Malle's research has supported the traditional notion of the actor-observer bias.

Ellen is from a relatively sheltered background.When she goes to university, she meets a gay student.This student is the only gay person she has ever known.The student is very independent and outspoken on their first meeting.After that meeting, Ellen decides that gay people in general must be independent and outspoken.Ellen's reaction illustrates the ____.

How does the fundamental attribution error (FAE) differ from the actor-observer effect (AOE) ?