Question 1

β-lactamase production is an example of which of the following types of resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)   alteration of the target of the drug
B)   inactivation of the drug
C)   change in the permeability of the drug
D)   overproduction of an enzyme in a key metabolic pathway
E)   removal of the drug via a pumpF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

A "zone of inhibition" is associated with which of the following tests used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Etest
B)   diffusion susceptibility test
C)   broth dilution test
D)   both the Etest and diffusion susceptibility test
E)   both the broth dilution and the MBC testsF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exposure to drugs causes mutations in bacterial genes.
B)   Horizontal gene transfer between bacteria spreads R (resistance)  plasmids.
C)   Genetic recombination during sexual reproduction.
D)   Exposure to drugs induces immunity.
E)   Exposure to drugs alters gene expression in bacteria.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 4

The tetracyclines interfere with

Accepted Answer

A)   protein synthesis.
B)   cell wall synthesis.
C)   cell membrane component synthesis.
D)   nucleic acid synthesis.
E)   folic acid synthesis.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Pentamidine is an example of an antimicrobial

Accepted Answer

A)   used to treat bacterial infections.
B)   effective against helminths.
C)   used to treat viral infections.
D)   effective against eukaryotes, especially protozoa.
E)   used to treat both bacterial and fungal infections.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called microbial (antagonisms/synergy/toxicity).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens...

Question 7

External infections can be treated by (intramuscular/surface/topical)administration,in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of External infections can be treated by (intramuscular/surface/topical)administration,in...

Question 8

Examine the diffusion susceptibility plate results shown in Figure 10.2.Propose an explanation for the appearance of the zone around the S/10 disk,and discuss the implications for therapeutic use of this antibiotic for the pathogen tested.

Accepted Answer

The ring of colonies within the outermost limit of the zone of inhibition indicates that there are some cells in the population that are less susceptible to the antibiotic than the rest.If this antibiotic were used to treat an infection with this population,the growth of bacteria with some resistance would be promoted at the expense of the more susceptible cells,potentially giving rise to a new variant that is fully resistant.If this were to occur in a patient being treated,the antibiotic therapy would fail,putting the patient's health at risk.Therefore,drug AM would be a poor choice,perhaps the poorest choice,for chemotherapy against this bacterial species.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   the shape of the 30S ribosomal subunit
B)   interference with alanine-alanine bridges
C)   the enzymatic site of the 50S ribosomal subunit
D)   movement of the ribosome from one codon to the next
E)   the tRNA docking siteF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Which of the following steps in the folic acid synthesis pathway is specifically inhibited by sulfonamides?

Accepted Answer

A)   the conversion of tetrahydrofolic acid to PABA
B)   the conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid
C)   the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
D)   the conversion of PABA to tetrahydrofolic acid
E)   the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to PABAF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid,a β-lactamase inhibitor,is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   cross resistance.
B)   antimetabolism.
C)   synergism.
D)   selective toxicity.
E)   chemotherapy.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Most broad-spectrum antibiotics act by

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall.
B)   inhibiting protein synthesis.
C)   inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis.
D)   inhibiting metabolic pathways.
E)   disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   vancomycin
B)   penicillin
C)   methicillin
D)   isoniazid
E)   bacitracinF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 14

Secondary infections that result from the killing of some of the normal microbiota are called (antagonism/superinfections/resistance).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secondary infections that result from the killing...

Question 15

Some bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials due to the activity of ________,which removes many of them.

Accepted Answer

A)   plasmids
B)   porins
C)   efflux pumps
D)   lipopolysaccharides
E)   ribosomesF) B) and E)
G) D) and E) C

Question 16

The ratio of a medication's dose that can be tolerated to its effective dose is the therapeutic (MIC/index/range)of the medication.

Accepted Answer

index

Question 17

Which of the following antifungals works by binding to ergosterol in membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)   fluconazole
B)   turbinafine
C)   amphotericin B
D)   nystatin
E)   both amphotericin B and nystatinF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Medications administered intravenously can provide much higher effective concentrations than other delivery methods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

Accepted Answer

A)   preventing the cross-linkage of NAM subunits.
B)   blocking the secretion of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm.
C)   preventing the formation of alanine-alanine bridges.
D)   disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall.
E)   preventing the formation of β-lactamases.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 20

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure.
B)   Cells cannot attach to their hosts.
C)   Ribosomes lose their function.
D)   The sterols in the cell wall become nonfunctional.
E)   The replication of cells, including cancer cells, slows down.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Exam 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

β-lactamase production is an example of which of the following types of resistance?

Correct Answer
verified

A "zone of inhibition" is associated with which of the following tests used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics?

Correct Answer
verified

How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations?

Correct Answer
verified

The tetracyclines interfere with

Correct Answer
verified

Pentamidine is an example of an antimicrobial

Correct Answer
verified

Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called microbial (antagonisms/synergy/toxicity).

Correct Answer
verified

External infections can be treated by (intramuscular/surface/topical)administration,in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection.

Correct Answer
verified

Examine the diffusion susceptibility plate results shown in Figure 10.2.Propose an explanation for the appearance of the zone around the S/10 disk,and discuss the implications for therapeutic use of this antibiotic for the pathogen tested.

Which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following steps in the folic acid synthesis pathway is specifically inhibited by sulfonamides?

Correct Answer
verified

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid,a β-lactamase inhibitor,is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Most broad-spectrum antibiotics act by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?

Correct Answer
verified

Secondary infections that result from the killing of some of the normal microbiota are called (antagonism/superinfections/resistance).

Correct Answer
verified

Some bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials due to the activity of ________,which removes many of them.

Correct Answer
verified
C

The ratio of a medication's dose that can be tolerated to its effective dose is the therapeutic (MIC/index/range)of the medication.

Correct Answer
verified
index

Which of the following antifungals works by binding to ergosterol in membranes?

Correct Answer
verified

Medications administered intravenously can provide much higher effective concentrations than other delivery methods.

Correct Answer
verified

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

Correct Answer
verified

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

β-lactamase production is an example of which of the following types of resistance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A "zone of inhibition" is associated with which of the following tests used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tetracyclines interfere with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pentamidine is an example of an antimicrobial

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called microbial (antagonisms/synergy/toxicity).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

External infections can be treated by (intramuscular/surface/topical)administration,in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the diffusion susceptibility plate results shown in Figure 10.2.Propose an explanation for the appearance of the zone around the S/10 disk,and discuss the implications for therapeutic use of this antibiotic for the pathogen tested.

Which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following steps in the folic acid synthesis pathway is specifically inhibited by sulfonamides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid,a β-lactamase inhibitor,is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most broad-spectrum antibiotics act by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secondary infections that result from the killing of some of the normal microbiota are called (antagonism/superinfections/resistance).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials due to the activity of ________,which removes many of them.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The ratio of a medication's dose that can be tolerated to its effective dose is the therapeutic (MIC/index/range)of the medication.

Correct Answerverifiedindex

Which of the following antifungals works by binding to ergosterol in membranes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Medications administered intravenously can provide much higher effective concentrations than other delivery methods.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

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index

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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