Question 1

The best evidence from studies of self control suggests

Accepted Answer

A)  that self control is quite stable and likely due almost entirely to genetic influences.
B)  that self control may be weakly trainable, but this variability has little effect on behavior.
C)  that self control can be trained and may be a critical component of emotional adjustment.
D)  that self control is rather overrated and has little influence on behavioral outcome.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

When waiting for a small reward versus waiting for a larger reward,

Accepted Answer

A)  the value of the small reward decreases, while the value of the large reward remains largely unchanged.
B)  the value of the large reward decreases, while the value of the small reward increases to meet it.
C)  the value of the small reward increases, while the value of the large reward remains largely unchanged.
D)  the values of both rewards decrease.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

The striatum and associated nuclei appear to be involved in the

Accepted Answer

A)  affective code that modifies behavior.
B)  integration of positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials.
C)  indexing reward magnitude.
D)  executive control of behavior weighing value of alternative choices.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

People addicted to heroin are likely to show when compared to non-addicted individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  a steep reward discounting function
B)  a more shallow reward discounting function
C)  a discounting function with more peaks
D)  a discounting function with fewer peaksE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

If an experimenter wanted to explore the conditions under which animals prefer unpredictable reinforcement schedules to predictable reinforcement schedules, the experimenter would use

Accepted Answer

A)  concurrent schedules of reinforcement.
B)  molar maximizing theories.
C)  concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement.
D)  molecular maximizing theories.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

According to melioration theories of matching,

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time.
B)  organisms focus on aggregates of responses between two keys over a time period.
C)  the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular behavior.
D)  organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  a clerk at a fast food restaurant
B)  a gambler
C)  a mail delivery person
D)  a student waiting for her grades to come in the mailE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement are used to measure

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous choice behavior over time.
B)  choice behavior with commitment.
C)  partial reinforcement extinction effects.
D)  mechanisms of partial reinforcement extinction effects.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

A concurrent schedule is typically used to examine choice behavior in

Accepted Answer

A)  a T-maze.
B)  an eight arm radial maze.
C)  a Skinner box with one manipulandum.
D)  a Skinner box with two manipulanda.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

How have studies of self-control informed us about other important aspects of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How have studies of self-control informed us...

Question 11

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is used to investigate

Accepted Answer

A)  PREE.
B)  choice behavior.
C)  frustrative aggression.
D)  frustration theory.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

According to molecular maximizing theories of matching,

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time.
B)  organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run.
C)  the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular response.
D)  matching is possible in the absence of momentary maximizing.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

When considering the feedback function of a fixed interval schedule, which of the following is true for a given period?

Accepted Answer

A)  there is an upper limit on the number of reinforcers a subject can earn.
B)  there is no limit to the number of reinforcers a subject can learn; more responses = more reinforcers.
C)  depending on how the subject responds, it may have a limit or may not have a limit on its number or ʳᵉᶦⁿᶠᵒʳᶜᵉʳˢ.
D)  it is impossible to determine any of the above.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  a student in a class with many unexpected quizzes
B)  a gambler
C)  a mail delivery person
D)  a student waiting for her grades to come in the mailE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

A subject that has mostly short inter-response times is responding at a

Accepted Answer

A)  high rate.
B)  low rate.
C)  fixed interval rate.
D)  variable interval rate.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  a clerk at a fast food restaurant
B)  a gambler
C)  a mail delivery person
D)  a waiterE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

A pigeon in a Skinner box periodically receives access to food after pecking on a key.Sometimes the pigeon has to peck 3 or 4 times, sometimes 5, and sometime more.On average, the bird was reinforced every 5th peck.This pigeon was on a schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval
B)  fixed ratio
C)  variable interval
D)  variable ratioE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 18

As a student of behavior, you have been presented with an interesting case study.A patient seems to have lost his ability to integrate positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials, and is therefore not modifying his behavioral habits.You suspect damage

Accepted Answer

A)  in the amygdala.
B)  in the striatum and associated nuclei.
C)  in the orbitofrontal cortex.
D)  in the prefrontal cortex.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  climbing a flight of stairs
B)  pulling the arm of a slot machine
C)  checking a washing machine to see if the clothes are done
D)  checking the oven to see if the cake is doneE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following schedules is likely to lead to the shortest inter-response times?

Accepted Answer

A)  FI 5 min
B)  FR 5
C)  VI 5 min
D)  VI 10 minE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 6: Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

As a student of behavior, you have been presented with an interesting case study.A patient seems to have lost his ability to integrate positive and negative outcomes over multiple trials, and is therefore not modifying his behavioral habits.You suspect damage

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pigeon in a Skinner box periodically receives access to food after pecking on a key.Sometimes the pigeon has to peck 3 or 4 times, sometimes 5, and sometime more.On average, the bird was reinforced every 5th peck.This pigeon was on a schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People addicted to heroin are likely to show when compared to non-addicted individuals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement are used to measure

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best evidence from studies of self control suggests

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When waiting for a small reward versus waiting for a larger reward,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to molecular maximizing theories of matching,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A subject that has mostly short inter-response times is responding at a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to melioration theories of matching,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following schedules is likely to lead to the shortest inter-response times?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When considering the feedback function of a fixed interval schedule, which of the following is true for a given period?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an experimenter wanted to explore the conditions under which animals prefer unpredictable reinforcement schedules to predictable reinforcement schedules, the experimenter would use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The striatum and associated nuclei appear to be involved in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How have studies of self-control informed us about other important aspects of human behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A concurrent schedule is typically used to examine choice behavior in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is used to investigate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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