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Cannabis may be useful in the short term for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because the endocannabinoid system moderates the functioning of which part of the brain that is linked to PTSD?


A) amygdala
B) pons
C) corpus callosum
D) reticular formation

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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One's natural sleep need


A) changes with one's mood and physical activity.
B) is indicated when one can wake without an alarm clock and feel rested.
C) is really nine hours for all adults.
D) is really six hours for all adults.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Four months ago, Rosa started drinking one alcoholic beverage to relax enough to go to sleep. Soon she was having two drinks each night, and recently, she has increased to three drinks. So far, this drinking has not significantly affected her work or relationships, although she does not feel very alert when she awakens each morning. Rosa's pattern of psychoactive drug use would be classified as


A) intensive.
B) compulsive.
C) instrumental.
D) social-recreational.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Artificial lighting, hectic schedules, smoking, and drinking are factors that have


A) led to the development of narcolepsy in younger people.
B) led to an increase in lucid dreaming.
C) contributed to a near epidemic of sleep problems.
D) resulted in the abnormal occurrence of hypnic jerks during sleep.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Sara tried cannabis because she was curious about what effects this drug would have on her; thus, Sara's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as instrumental.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a powerful central nervous stimulant that produces feelings of alertness, euphoria, well-being, power, boundless energy, and pleasure and goes by the street names of "snow," "blow," and "snuff"?


A) GHB
B) LSD
C) cocaine
D) heroin

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Regarding sleepwalkers, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?


A) Sleepwalking occurs most often in association with narcolepsy.
B) Sleepwalking is the outward expression of dream content.
C) Sleepwalking occurs during NREM stages 3 and 4 sleep.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Regarding cannabis, which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Smoking cannabis may increase the risk of a variety of cancers, including lung, prostate, and cervical cancer.
B) Cannabis use has been found to be associated with a variety of mental health problems.
C) Activity levels in the cerebellum are higher than normal in cannabis abusers.
D) People who smoke cannabis regularly score lower on IQ tests, although the scores tend to rebound within a month after the person quits using cannabis.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Most symptoms of sleep deprivation


A) are reversed by a single night's rest.
B) require a long period of bed rest for recovery.
C) are irreversible.
D) can be prevented by consuming caffeine.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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People who have night terrors


A) have them during REM sleep in the middle of the night.
B) are usually older adults with this condition being rarer in children and adolescents.
C) show only slight or no movement during the night terrors.
D) rarely remember in the morning that they even had them.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Mindfulness involves being "spaced out" or having occasional moments of reduced awareness in order to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following sets of instructions would be the most likely to be given to the subject during a hypnotic induction?


A) Just let go, relax, focus on my voice, and imagine yourself in the situations described.
B) Tense and then relax your muscles, concentrate on what is troubling you then wipe it from your mind, choose a simple word and repeat it over and over.
C) Tense and then relax your muscles, imagine yourself in an anxiety-provoking situation, switch it off, and repeat until you feel no anxiety at all.
D) Reduce all sensory input gradually, even my voice, until you experience vivid sensory hallucinations, and concentrate on them exclusively.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Hae only has one or two alcoholic drinks when she goes out to a restaurant with her friends a few times a month. Hae's pattern of psychoactive drug use would be classified as


A) experimental.
B) compulsive.
C) instrumental
D) social-recreational.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Cola soft drinks, tea, chocolate, cold remedies, and many name-brand aspirin products all contain the psychoactive drug


A) caffeine.
B) GHB.
C) alcohol.
D) nicotine.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Concerning the nature of sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) A sleeper upon reaching Stage 4 sleep will remain in this stage for the duration of the night.
B) A sleeper's EEG patterns in REM sleep are similar to Stage 1 EEG patterns.
C) A person will shift between deeper and lighter sleep throughout the night.
D) A person's REM sleep is associated with dreaming.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called


A) withdrawal.
B) drug addiction.
C) psychological dependence.
D) drug tolerance.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Alcohol is classified as a(n)


A) stimulant.
B) depressant.
C) hallucinogen.
D) amphetamine.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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The symptoms of a temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis include


A) sudden, irresistible, daytime sleep attacks.
B) hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation.
C) episodes of sleepwalking and sleeptalking.
D) narcolepsy and\or cataplexy.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which central nervous system depressant is made from a mixture of degreasing solvent and drain cleaner and goes by the street names of "scoop" and "max"?


A) crystal meth
B) GHB
C) MDMA
D) LSD

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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In their studies of the mind and consciousness, the behaviorists preferred to use introspection and other subjective methods.

A) True
B) False

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