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Exam 6: Learning

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Question 81

Multiple Choice

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Responses maintained with _____ reinforcement are more resistant to extinction.

A) intermittent
B) continuous
C) primary
D) secondary

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 82

Multiple Choice

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A previously neutral stimulus, that through conditioning acquires the capacity to evoke a response, is a(n)

A) conditioned stimulus.
B) unconditioned stimulus.
C) unconditioned response.
D) conditioned response.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 83

Multiple Choice

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Simon cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office. In this example, cringing in the waiting room is a(n)

Avoidance conditioning develops through ​

Henry got a bad sunburn on his face when he was skiing last winter. Now, before he starts a day of skiing, he uses sunscreen on his face to prevent another sunburn. This is an example of ​

Earlier learning viewpoints considered classical and operant conditioning to be automatic processes involving only environmental events that did not depend at all on biological or cognitive factors. Research on which of the following concepts cast doubt on this point of view?

Stimulus contiguity refers to whether the stimuli

Zane has been shocked on 6 separate occasions while making toast. However, he doesn't seem to have developed a phobia toward toasters. Zane's only phobia is toward spiders, because he once had a big spider fall in his shirt when he was a child. Zane's pattern of phobias illustrates the concept of

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behavior. From your knowledge of conditioning principles, how would you encourage and reinforce behavior?

_____ reinforcement occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced; _____ reinforcement occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time.

When an individual has a phobia, the irrational fear and anxiety that the person experiences is a(n)

Research examining the long-term effects of media violence has demonstrated that

The learning theory that is BEST able to explain why physical punishment tends to increase aggressive behavior in children is

Learning to tie one's shoes is MOST likely acquired via the process of

The tendency for maladaptive responses extinguished during therapy to reappear when the client is outside the therapist's office is BEST explained by

On Tuesday morning, Chloe prepared her typical breakfast of corn flakes with milk and a cup of coffee. However, instead of having grapefruit with her breakfast, she tried eating guava for the first time. Later, she became extremely ill. If her illness causes her to develop a conditioned response to one of her breakfast items, the conditioned response will MOST likely be to ​

You eat a new food and that night become ill with nausea and vomiting. Later, you experience nausea whenever you taste or smell the new food. Why did you not associate your nausea with the cues of the room, the people present, the bathroom, and so on? ​

While out trick-or-treating for Halloween, at first, Billy's neighbors had to remind him to say "Trick or treat" before they dropped their treats into his bag. As he continued to visit houses in the neighborhood, soon Billy would say "Trick or treat" as soon as the neighbors answered the door. The treats he received were the _____ for his saying "Trick or treat."

The evolutionary history of rats has rendered them _____ to associate a taste CS with an illness US, and _____ to associate that same CS with an electric shock US. ​

An operantly conditioned response that is very durable and relatively hard to extinguish is said to show