Question 1

Aristotle's laws of _____ and _____ are still considered important aspects of learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   contiguity; proximity
B)   frequency; similarity
C)   contrast; contingency
D)   frequency; contiguityE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Joseph once witnessed an accident in which a car had plowed into a big oak tree. Now, each time he drives by that tree, he is reminded of the accident. Joseph's behavior illustrates Aristotle's law of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   frequency
B)   contrast
C)   contiguity
D)   similarityE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Neal is a golden retriever who is taught to salivate in response to a click. His behavior illustrates _________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neal is a golden retriever who is...

Question 4

Janice loses her way whenever she deviates from the usual route she takes to go home. Tolman would most likely say that Janice has a defective _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   schema
B)   schemata
C)   cognitive map
D)   vestibular systemE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

According to the study on expert performance conducted by Ericsson et al. (1993) , heredity may influence expert performance in determining:

Accepted Answer

A)   innate ability.
B)   the extent to which one becomes interested in an endeavor.
C)   one's ability to endure the hard work needed to become a top performer.
D)   Both b and c are correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following behaviorists would most likely be interested in robotics, because of its focus on mechanistic aspects of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Edward Tolman
B)   B. F. Skinner
C)   Clark Hull
D)   Albert BanduraE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

To understand her feelings for Juan, Pamela pays close attention to the sensations she feels each time she sees him. This is an example of the method of _________. This was a favorite method of research by psychologists who adhered to the approach known as _________.

Accepted Answer

introspect...

Question 8

Descartes believed that the behavior of _________ is entirely reflexive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Descartes believed that the behavior of _________...

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It recognizes the distinction between learning and performance.
B)   Bandura's interpretation of the theory is more closely aligned to Tolman's approach than Hull's approach to behaviorism.
C)   It assigns an important role to self-referent thoughts.
D)   All of these are correct.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

As I look at the spotlight, I am reminded of the sun. This example illustrates Aristotle's law of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   contiguity
B)   contrast
C)   proximity
D)   similarityE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

"Sean walks quickly to the cafeteria as he is hungry due to food deprivation." This statement illustrates _____ brand of behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

A)   Tolman's
B)   Skinner's
C)   Hull's
D)   Bandura'sE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of Skinner's daughter?

Accepted Answer

A)   She grew up in an experimental chamber.
B)   She became mentally ill.
C)   Both a and b are correct.
D)   Neither a nor b is correct.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

One of the major difficulties with the structuralist approach to psychology was that the method of _____ was unreliable.

Accepted Answer

A)   deduction
B)   induction
C)   contemplation
D)   introspectionE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Tolman and Honzik's (1930)  maze study suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no distinction between learning and performance.
B)   there is a distinction between learning and performance.
C)   maze running in rats is a largely reflexive action.
D)   Both a and c are correctE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Describe the nativist versus empiricist approaches to knowledge. How would a nativist and an empiricist explain how Picasso became such a great artist?

Accepted Answer

The nativist approach to knowledge sugge...

Question 16

When Tara saw the lush green lawn, she remembered how dry the lawn had been the previous year. In the context of the four laws of association, Tara's behavior illustrates the law of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Tara saw the lush green lawn,...

Question 17

Which of the following are the three components to the principle of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Traits vary within a population; Organisms must compete for limited resources; Individuals learn to adapt to their environment.
B)   Organisms must compete for limited resources; Traits are heritable; Successful individuals are better able to survive.
C)   Traits vary within a species; Traits are heritable; Some species live longer than others.
D)   Traits vary within a species and between species; Traits are heritable; Organisms must compete for limited resources.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The statement "Learning can take place in the absence of reward" would most likely come from a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   methodological behaviorist
B)   neobehavioristc
C)   cognitive behaviorist
D)   classical behavioristE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Hull's model of behavior is quite similar to modern cognitive approaches that view humans as:

Accepted Answer

A)   self-motivating.
B)   animals that respond with fixed action patterns that are not modifiable.
C)   analogous to computers that process bits of information from the environment to produce responses.
D)   more susceptible to social cues than to biological cues.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

William James was a _____, while Titchener was a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorist; functionalist
B)   functionalist; structuralist
C)   structuralist; functionalist
D)   functionalist; behavioristE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 1: Introduction

Describe the nativist versus empiricist approaches to knowledge. How would a nativist and an empiricist explain how Picasso became such a great artist?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe nativist approach to knowledge sugge...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following are the three components to the principle of natural selection?

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One of the major difficulties with the structuralist approach to psychology was that the method of _____ was unreliable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descartes believed that the behavior of _________ is entirely reflexive.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Sean walks quickly to the cafeteria as he is hungry due to food deprivation." This statement illustrates _____ brand of behaviorism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Tara saw the lush green lawn, she remembered how dry the lawn had been the previous year. In the context of the four laws of association, Tara's behavior illustrates the law of _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janice loses her way whenever she deviates from the usual route she takes to go home. Tolman would most likely say that Janice has a defective _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tolman and Honzik's (1930) maze study suggested that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hull's model of behavior is quite similar to modern cognitive approaches that view humans as:

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According to the study on expert performance conducted by Ericsson et al. (1993) , heredity may influence expert performance in determining:

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William James was a _____, while Titchener was a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of social learning theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As I look at the spotlight, I am reminded of the sun. This example illustrates Aristotle's law of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The statement "Learning can take place in the absence of reward" would most likely come from a _____.

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Which of the following statements is true of Skinner's daughter?

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Neal is a golden retriever who is taught to salivate in response to a click. His behavior illustrates _________ conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aristotle's laws of _____ and _____ are still considered important aspects of learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Joseph once witnessed an accident in which a car had plowed into a big oak tree. Now, each time he drives by that tree, he is reminded of the accident. Joseph's behavior illustrates Aristotle's law of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following behaviorists would most likely be interested in robotics, because of its focus on mechanistic aspects of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To understand her feelings for Juan, Pamela pays close attention to the sensations she feels each time she sees him. This is an example of the method of _________. This was a favorite method of research by psychologists who adhered to the approach known as _________.

Correct Answerverifiedintrospect...View AnswerShow Answer

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The nativist approach to knowledge sugge...
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William James was a _, while Titchener was a _.

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Aristotle's laws of _ and _ are still considered important aspects of learning.

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To understand her feelings for Juan, Pamela pays close attention to the sensations she feels each time she sees him. This is an example of the method of _. This was a favorite method of research by psychologists who adhered to the approach known as _.

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introspect...
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