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Exam 20: Airway Anatomy and Physiology

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Question 21

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Pediatric patients tend to have copious secretions, increasing the risk for aspiration and difficulty maintaining an airway.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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The upper airway extends from the glottis to the alveoli.

A) True
B) False

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Question 23

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Compared to the adult trachea, the pediatric trachea is angled much more anteriorly as it travels inferiorly.

The ____ is the area of the airway composed of the spaces behind the nose and the oral cavity.

The space formed between the anterior-superior surface of the epiglottis and the posterior base of the tongue is the ____.

The ____ bone is the only bone in the body that does not directly articulate with another bone.

Approximately ____% of CO₂ is attached to hemoglobin.

From a functional perspective, the ____ is the primary structure for air entrance.

____________________ ventilation measures the total volume of gas that passes through the lungs in a minute.

For an average-sized adult with normal ventilator function, approximately 100,000 liters (L) of air pass through the nasal fossae each day.

A child's tongue is disproportionately smaller compared to the oral cavity than an adult's tongue.

The ____ is a "U" shaped structure composed of fibroelastic cartilage is attached to the anterior pharynx between the base of the tongue and the larynx.

Pediatric patients are much more susceptible to ____________________ distention during positive pressure ventilation.

For the pediatric patient, the ____ has the smallest cross-sectional area.

The open space below the laryngeal opening and superior to the vocal cords is called the ____.

The ____________________ muscles are most responsible for the modification of the cords.

Respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in pediatric patients, compared to cardiovascular failure in adults.

The ____ is a conduit for respiratory gasses.

The muscles that produce phonation can also adduct the glottis and the false cords to provide an impenetrable barrier to foreign material.

The openings of the mouth and nose define the beginning of the airway.