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Steinbock mentions two situations in which she considers the cessation of life-prolonging medical treatment justifiable. One of these is when a


A) patient refuses treatment.
B) baby has a deformity.
C) patient is near death.
D) patient wishes to end his or her life.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Steinbock believes that Rachels misinterpreted the American Medical Association's statement on euthanasia.

A) True
B) False

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Steinbock believes that the American Medical Association forbids all euthanasia, whether active or passive.

A) True
B) False

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Steinbock contrasts euthanasia with


A) the intentional termination of life.
B) cessation of extraordinary means of treatment.
C) mercy killing.
D) homicide.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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According to Steinbock, a doctor that ceases using extraordinary means to keep a patient alive must intend for that patient to die.

A) True
B) False

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What is Steinbock's opinion of the case in which the infant with Down syndrome was allowed to die through passive euthanasia?


A) Doctors merely withheld treatment so it was morally acceptable.
B) The baby suffered, and it would have been better to end its life quickly.
C) Intentionally allowing the baby to die was wrong, whether it was quick or slow.
D) None of the above

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following best reflects Steinbock's interpretation of the American Medical Association's (AMA) statement on euthanasia?


A) The AMA forbids all euthanasia but may allow doctors to stop using extraordinary means to prolong life.
B) The AMA forbids active euthanasia but may allow either passive euthanasia or the cessation of extraordinary means to prolong life.
C) The AMA forbids all euthanasia and also does not allow the cessation of extraordinary means to prolong life.
D) The AMA discourages euthanasia but may allow it, according to the judgment of the patient, patient's family, and the physician.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Steinbock believes that a quick death is always preferable to a lingering one.

A) True
B) False

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Write a dialog between Rachels and Steinbock about the baby with Down syndrome and the intestinal obstruction. The parents want to do nothing and allow "passive euthanasia." What would Rachels say? What would Steinbock say? How would Rachels respond?

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Rachels: Steinbock, I heard about the si...

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What is Steinbock's definition of extraordinary care?


A) Providing extraordinary care puts the doctor in question in legal jeopardy.
B) While ordinary care is what a doctor would normally be expected to provide, extraordinary care has little hope of benefitting the patient.
C) Extraordinary care is care that it is unreasonable to expect any doctor to provide.
D) Care is "extraordinary" when it involves specialized expertise few doctors possess.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Why does Steinbock think that withholding life-prolonging treatment is morally acceptable when euthanasia is not?


A) Because the doctor is being passive, not acting
B) Because the patient is involved in the decision
C) Because the patient will suffer less
D) Because the doctor is not intentionally terminating the patient's life

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Steinbock claims that doctors treating infants may only proceed with the consent of the parents.

A) True
B) False

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Steinbock argues that Rachels misunderstands the American Medical Association's position. What mistake does Steinbock claim Rachels makes? Explain the distinction on which Rachels focuses and the distinction Steinbock offers instead. Evaluate Steinbock's position. Is her interpretation more plausible? Why or why not?

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Steinbock argues that Rachels misunderstands the American Medical Association's position by claiming that Rachels makes the mistake of focusing on the distinction between killing and letting die, while the AMA's position actually revolves around the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means of treatment. Rachels focuses on the distinction between killing and letting die, arguing that the AMA's position is based on this distinction. She claims that the AMA allows for the withdrawal of treatment, which would result in letting the patient die, but does not allow for active euthanasia, which would result in killing the patient. On the other hand, Steinbock offers the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means of treatment as the key factor in the AMA's position. She argues that the AMA allows for the withdrawal of extraordinary means of treatment, but not ordinary means. This means that the AMA's position is not based on the distinction between killing and letting die, but rather on the type of treatment being withdrawn. Steinbock's interpretation seems more plausible because it aligns with the AMA's actual guidelines and ethical principles. The distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means of treatment is a well-established concept in medical ethics, and it makes sense that the AMA's position would be based on this distinction rather than on the more abstract distinction between killing and letting die. Therefore, Steinbock's position appears to be more accurate and in line with the AMA's actual stance on end-of-life care.

A treatment that counts as ordinary care in one situation may count as extraordinary care in another.

A) True
B) False

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Steinbock claims that patients may rightfully


A) demand life-ending treatment.
B) refuse life-preserving treatment only with adequate reason.
C) refuse life-preserving treatment even without adequate reason.
D) None of the above

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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C

Explain the difference between "passive euthanasia" and "cessation of life-prolonging treatment" according to Steinbock and then give an example of each. Steinbock thinks there is an important moral difference between the two. Is she right?

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Passive euthanasia refers to the withhol...

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According to Steinbock, the reason a doctor does not commit homicide when she terminates extraordinary life-prolonging treatment is that she has, morally speaking, done nothing at all.

A) True
B) False

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Steinbock explains the importance of the ordinary/extraordinary care distinction in terms of its connection to the doctor's intention.

A) True
B) False

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Steinbock believes that in a few situations, it is acceptable for a doctor to terminate a patient's life intentionally.

A) True
B) False

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False

One situation in which Steinbock believes it is justifiable to cease life-prolonging medical treatment is


A) when parents wish to withhold treatment from a disabled infant.
B) when a patient wishes to end his life.
C) when a patient's family thinks it is for the best.
D) when continued treatment would lead to greater discomfort without improving the patient's condition.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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