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Exam 7: Sociological Mainstream Theories

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Question 31

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Cloward and Ohlin's primary contribution to the field of criminology was their basic premise that some crime can be attributed to social disorganization.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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Durkheim viewed anomie as a condition that occurs when discrepancies exist between societal goals and the means available for their achievement.

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B) False

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Question 33

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Which of the following is the "Chicago School" associated with?

Merton's theory appears to dwell on lower-class criminality, thus failing to consider law breaking among the elite.

A particular student wants to do well in school but never seems to be able to earn higher than a

A moral confusion or breakdown in mores or a gap between goals and means in society is referred to as strain.

In their study of urban ecology, in which zone did Shaw and McKay find the highest crime rate?

Identify some of the values that are held by middle-class individuals, according to Cohen.

Which policy would someone who supports anomie theory as an explanation for crime suggest?

The "Chicago School" was well-known for its armchair theorizing; few of its researchers ever ventured into the field.

The dualistic fallacy is a problem in which group rates are used to describe individual behavior.

Which of the following led to the breakdown of social controls, the rise of criminal traditions, and barriers to the American dream of success?

Techniques of neutralization refer to rationalizations or excuses that juveniles use to neutralize responsibility for deviant actions.

Identify and describe the three types of illegitimate juvenile subcultures identified by Cloward and Ohlin?

Émile Durkheim's work on suicide identified several types. Which of the following refers to the self-centered suicide?

Which of the modes of personality accepts the goal of success in society and the societally approved means of achieving this status?

An individual increases their risk of being a victim of crime by leaving for work each day at the same time, driving the same route to and from work, and returning at the same time with no variation. The crime that results would be attributed to the ______ theory.

Social disorganization theory posits that crime is due to social disorganization and social breakdown of an area.

A group of juveniles who attend a district school commit an act of vandalism against a neighboring school district, explaining that it was necessary to defend their own mascot. This is an example of ______.

Social control theory holds that individuals have various social controls that assist them in resisting pressures that draw them toward criminality.