Question 1

Two individuals with the same phenotype

Accepted Answer

A)   Must be of the same genotype
B)   Must have the same alleles at some genetic locus
C)   Must be living in the same environment
D)   May be different genotypesE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Batesian mimics

Accepted Answer

A)   Produce a poison after a predator attempts to eat them
B)   Look like a model species that is poisonous, but are not poisonous themselves
C)   Are members of a group of poisonous species that resemble each other.
D)   Look like a model that is itself a perfect match to the background color of the environment in which it livesE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

If a forager spends time feeding in one of several patches, and can move from patch to patch,

Accepted Answer

A)   It should stay in the patch until all the resource is exhausted and then travel to the nearest patch
B)   It should know the number of patches and stay in the patch less time if there are more patches
C)   It should stay longer in a patch if the travel time to another patch is increased
D)   It should stay less time in a patch if the food in the next patch is going to be a long tripE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) C

Question 4

In order to estimate primary productivity in an ecosystem by sampling

Accepted Answer

A)   One needs to know biomass only
B)   One needs to know biomass and the time scale only
C)   One needs to know the amount produced and time only
D)   None of the aboveE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Alternate genes at a locus that have different phenotypic effects are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   Dominants
B)   Phenotypes
C)   Alleles
D)   ChromosomesE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Diet breadth of a consumer will increase when

Accepted Answer

A)   Food abundance decreases
B)   The food that is lowest in quality decreases
C)   Food abundance increases
D)   A predator of the consumer declines in abundanceE) B) and C)
F) All of the above A

Question 7

Prey having toxic chemical are often brightly colored because

Accepted Answer

A)   The toxic compound is usually brightly colored
B)   Most prey species with toxic substances are tropical and the color is coincidental
C)   The color is a warning given by the victim to never eat the next prey individual when it sees one
D)   Predators have attacked a brightly colored poisonous individual and associate color with poisonE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

A marine predator

Accepted Answer

A)   Is likely to decrease the number of species in a community
B)   Might under some circumstances maintain high diversity in a community
C)   Will inevitably drive to extinction the rarest prey species
D)   Always will be rarer than all prey speciesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

A strong competing species

Accepted Answer

A)   Tends to increase standing diversity of competitors
B)   Always reduces the effectiveness of predators
C)   Might attract a common predator
D)   None of the aboveE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Species occurring relatively late in succession are

Accepted Answer

A)   Relatively poor colonizers
B)   Have low resistance to predators because predators are gone by this stage of succession
C)   Always present a fixed time after a disturbance occurs
D)   All of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

A trophic cascade exists when

Accepted Answer

A)   There are strong effects in members of different levels of a food chain, when one level is changed substantially.
B)   One level responds strongly when a member of another trophic level disappears
C)   Top-down effects are strong
D)   All of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The best way to demonstrate the effects of interspecific competition is

Accepted Answer

A)   Watch competing species and wait for one to displace another
B)   Perform an experiment: Add large numbers of predators
C)   Perform an experiment: Remove one of the hypothetical competing species
D)   Look for negative correlations in abundance between one species and another from place to placeE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Coexistence of species in a community may occur when

Accepted Answer

A)   Predators are present
B)   Species are exploiting different resources
C)   Mortality is random and several species are colonizing randomly into a community
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Province borders are often determined by

Accepted Answer

A)   Coastal geographic barriers
B)   Breaks in temperature
C)   Oceanic barriers to shallow water species
D)   All of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The reduction of seaweeds when predators of urchins decline and urchins increase is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   Facilitation
B)   A direct effect
C)   A density-mediated indirect interaction
D)   A trait-mediated direct interactionE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Parasites

Accepted Answer

A)   Usually have reduced gonads and very low reproductive rates
B)   Are usually fatal to their hosts
C)   Usually have well developed reproductive organs
D)   Have only one host, to which they are very faithfulE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 17

In a food web, plants are also known as

Accepted Answer

A)   Saprophytes
B)   Tertiary producers
C)   Primary producers
D)   EcosystemsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

What is a problem with an obligatory mutualistic interaction between two species?

Accepted Answer

A)   If one species becomes extinct, then so must the other
B)   If one species evolves, then the other might have to evolve to adjust to the first species
C)   If one is vulnerable to a predator, then so might the other be
D)   All of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Sibling species are always

Accepted Answer

A)   Found on either side of a barrier, such as Panama
B)   Easy to identify
C)   Quite similar, but rarely closely related
D)   Quite similar, and very closely relatedE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Parasitic species are vulnerable to population fluctuations because

Accepted Answer

A)   They usually only reproduce in winter
B)   They depend on several host species
C)   Their host species tend to be rare
D)   They always suffer owing to global warmingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 4: Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

Two individuals with the same phenotype

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Batesian mimics

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a forager spends time feeding in one of several patches, and can move from patch to patch,

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In order to estimate primary productivity in an ecosystem by sampling

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alternate genes at a locus that have different phenotypic effects are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diet breadth of a consumer will increase when

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Prey having toxic chemical are often brightly colored because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A marine predator

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A strong competing species

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Species occurring relatively late in succession are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A trophic cascade exists when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best way to demonstrate the effects of interspecific competition is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Coexistence of species in a community may occur when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Province borders are often determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reduction of seaweeds when predators of urchins decline and urchins increase is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parasites

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In a food web, plants are also known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a problem with an obligatory mutualistic interaction between two species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sibling species are always

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parasitic species are vulnerable to population fluctuations because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified