Question 1

In 1811, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla:

Accepted Answer

A)   Marched on Mexico City and declared independence, but only for the mestizos.
B)   Declared that he, and not Fernando VII, was the legitimate king of Spain, and recognized as such by Napoleon.
C)   Was captured and executed by loyal Spanish forces.
D)   Renounced Catholicism in favor of Enlightenment philosophy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

In the five years after the abolition of slavery, the Brazilian economy _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   collapsed
B)   completely changed direction
C)   slowed substantially
D)   expandedE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

In 1810, the New Granadans created juntas, or committees, among which the junta of _________ was the most important, and they drove the colonial Spaniards from their positions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Panama
B)   Jamaica
C)   Quito
D)   CartagenaE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

By the early 1900s, virtually the only supporters of Porfirio Díaz were:

Accepted Answer

A)   Working-class miners and factory laborers, who were opposed to socialism.
B)   Urban middle-class professionals, who endorsed his adoption of American business practices.
C)   Village peasants and campesinos, who appreciated his Catholic piety.
D)   Technocrat administrators, the científicos, who were aging themselves.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The ambitious plans of Chile's president José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández fell apart as soon as 1891, due to:

Accepted Answer

A)   The absence in the country of critical minerals like nitrate.
B)   The faltering pace of industrialization in the late 19th century, particularly in Germany and the United States.
C)   A coup against him, led by conservative landowners, and his subsequent suicide.
D)   An abrupt military intervention spearheaded by the British navy.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The Monroe Doctrine stated that…

Accepted Answer

A)   the United States government would not tolerate European attempts to re-colonize the new republics of the western hemisphere.
B)   it was an article of faith that the U.S. should be the dominant power on the continent and should accordingly control it from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C)   the slave trade should be abolished in newly gained territories
D)   none of theseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 7

When the _________ in 1849 authorized warships to enter Brazilian waters to intercept slave ships, the importation of slaves virtually ceased.

Accepted Answer

A)   Americans
B)   Portuguese
C)   Argentinians
D)   BritishE) A) and C)
F) All of the above D

Question 8

Independence and the end of Spanish rule initially benefited which Latin American trading partner the most?

Accepted Answer

A)   The United States
B)   France
C)   Great Britain
D)   PortugalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 9

Spanish colonialism in Latin America finally ended when the last troops surrendered to Bolívar's forces in 1826, on an island off the ________ coast.

Accepted Answer

A)   Venezuelan
B)   Nicaraguan
C)   Ecuadorean
D)   ChileanE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Spurred by the development of European politics and influenced by waves of immigrants from Spain and Italy, two major urban opposition parties took shape in 1890s Argentina, the Radical Party and the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pro-Immigrants
B)   Nativists
C)   Caudillists
D)   SocialistsE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

______________ virtually ended the importation of slaves to Brazil.

Accepted Answer

A)   The central government
B)   British warships
C)   The creation of an anti-slavery republic
D)   A shift from sugar to coffee productionE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

The Paraguayan War of 1864-1870 resulted in the loss of _______ the Paraguayan population.

Accepted Answer

A)   a quarter of
B)   a third of
C)   half
D)   two-thirds ofE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

A(n)  _________ consortium had begun gigantic earth-moving work to build a Panama Canal in 1879, but as a result of landslides, flooding, tropical diseases, and engineering disputes, it finally went bankrupt in 1888.

Accepted Answer

A)   British
B)   American
C)   French
D)   ColombianE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Landowners of self-sufficient plantations in many parts of Latin America supported governmental ____________, the same kind of authoritarian and paternalistic form of action that they practiced on their estates.

Accepted Answer

A)   Patronato
B)   Mit'a
C)   Caudillismo
D)   CientíficosE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Contrary to expectations, wages for laborers in Latin America ____________ in the 1800s.

Accepted Answer

A)   Rose sharply, contributing to a high inflation rate in many countries.
B)   Remained low, because ethnic discrimination and racism trumped market conditions.
C)   Fluctuated, given the difficulties of securing sufficient coolie labor for growing businesses.
D)   Rose for mestizos and Creoles, making it difficult for European immigrants to establish a foothold in the economy.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

By 1810, when the first independence movements were formed in the viceroyalty of La Plata, the porteños were:

Accepted Answer

A)   Creoles in the grasslands of interior Argentina and Uruguay who favored continued Spanish colonialism.
B)   African slaves who were demanding an end to slavery and to colonialism.
C)   Creoles living in Buenos Aires who favored independence from Spain.
D)   Royalists who strove for independence from New Granada.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Simón Bolívar was deeply impressed in 1804 when he witnessed:

Accepted Answer

A)   The British suppression of a slave revolt on Jamaica, about which he wrote a famous letter.
B)   The coronation of Napoleon as emperor in Paris.
C)   The visit of Emperor Toussaint Louverture to Rome, at the Pope's invitation.
D)   The declaration of Gran Colombia's independence in Cartagena.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

_______________ was a European-backed emperor of Mexico from 1864-1867.

Accepted Answer

A)   Maximilian
B)   Benito Juárez
C)   Louis-Napoleon III Bonaparte
D)   Porfirio DíazE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

By 1800, the viceroyalty of La Plata, with the rising port of _________, had grown through contraband trade with Great Britain.

Accepted Answer

A)   Rio de Janeiro
B)   Buenos Aires
C)   Caracas
D)   ValparaisoE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Under the leadership of _______________, the Mexican Revolution was ended late in 1920.

Accepted Answer

A)   Emiliano Zapata
B)   José Manuel Balmaceda
C)   Pancho Villa
D)   Álvaro ObregónE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Exam 23: Creoles and Caudillos: Latin America in the Nineteenth Century, 1790-1917

In 1811, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the five years after the abolition of slavery, the Brazilian economy _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1810, the New Granadans created juntas, or committees, among which the junta of _________ was the most important, and they drove the colonial Spaniards from their positions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By the early 1900s, virtually the only supporters of Porfirio Díaz were:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ambitious plans of Chile's president José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández fell apart as soon as 1891, due to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Monroe Doctrine stated that…

Correct AnswerverifiedA

When the _________ in 1849 authorized warships to enter Brazilian waters to intercept slave ships, the importation of slaves virtually ceased.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Independence and the end of Spanish rule initially benefited which Latin American trading partner the most?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Spanish colonialism in Latin America finally ended when the last troops surrendered to Bolívar's forces in 1826, on an island off the ________ coast.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spurred by the development of European politics and influenced by waves of immigrants from Spain and Italy, two major urban opposition parties took shape in 1890s Argentina, the Radical Party and the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______________ virtually ended the importation of slaves to Brazil.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Paraguayan War of 1864-1870 resulted in the loss of _______ the Paraguayan population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) _________ consortium had begun gigantic earth-moving work to build a Panama Canal in 1879, but as a result of landslides, flooding, tropical diseases, and engineering disputes, it finally went bankrupt in 1888.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Landowners of self-sufficient plantations in many parts of Latin America supported governmental ____________, the same kind of authoritarian and paternalistic form of action that they practiced on their estates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contrary to expectations, wages for laborers in Latin America ____________ in the 1800s.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By 1810, when the first independence movements were formed in the viceroyalty of La Plata, the porteños were:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Simón Bolívar was deeply impressed in 1804 when he witnessed:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______________ was a European-backed emperor of Mexico from 1864-1867.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By 1800, the viceroyalty of La Plata, with the rising port of _________, had grown through contraband trade with Great Britain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under the leadership of _______________, the Mexican Revolution was ended late in 1920.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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