A) social equality.
B) economic equality.
C) visible equality.
D) political equality.
E) practical equality.
G) A) and B)
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A) Invalidated literacy tests and property requirements and required select states and cities to apply for permission to the Justice Department to change their voting laws
B) Prohibited discrimination by employers and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate complaints of discrimination
C) Banned poll taxes in federal elections
D) Banned race discrimination in housing and made interference with a citizen's civil rights a federal crime
E) Banned racial discrimination in all public accommodations, including those that were privately owned
G) A) and D)
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A) It reversed Bakke and stated that such programs punish non-minorities who played no role at all in the original discriminatory practices.
B) It ruled that the racial divide that exists in this country may be exacerbated by affirmative action.
C) It ruled that affirmative action programs are explicit racial classifications, and as such they violate the principle of a "color-blind" society.
D) It ruled that economically privileged African Americans who do not need such assistance may benefit at the expense of less privileged African Americans who have greater needs.
E) It reaffirmed the ruling in Bakke that allows race to be used as one of several positive factors in the admissions process.
G) C) and D)
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A) That the legislation was constitutional and valid as well as necessary to advance full and equal civil rights
B) That the legislation was unconstitutional because it usurped state powers, so it could not be enforced
C) That the legislation was valid but should have included a right to vote for the affected individuals
D) That the Court had full authority to override state laws and traditions
E) That the U.S. Constitution was a living document that must frequently be amended to meet contemporary challenges
G) C) and D)
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A) permitted the first woman to sit in the House of Representatives.
B) permitted the first African American to sit in the House of Representatives.
C) prohibited the exclusion of a representative from his seat in the House of Representatives.
D) permitted the first Muslim to sit in the House of Representatives.
E) prohibited removal of a committee chairmanship because of its supporting of the presidential bid of the candidate of the opposing party.
G) All of the above
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A) Governor George Wallace
B) Governor Ross Barnett
C) Governor Orval Faubus
D) lawyer Thurgood Marshall
E) Lawyer Charles Houston
G) All of the above
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A) accommodation.
B) agitation.
C) litigation.
D) legal boycott.
E) civil disobedience.
G) None of the above
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A) de jure segregation.
B) de facto segregation.
C) case law segregation.
D) geographic segregation.
E) regional inequality.
G) A) and B)
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A) Once ratified, it opened doors for women in all areas of business and politics.
B) The ERA gave women an avenue by which to sue an employer for gender discrimination.
C) The ERA had no direct impact because it never garnered the required support of three-fourths of the state legislatures, so it was never enacted.
D) Once ratified, the amount of litigation in federal courts skyrocketed.
E) Once ratified, the United States immediately experienced a significant increase in the number of women serving as governors and in Congress.
G) All of the above
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C
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A) civil liberties.
B) civil rights.
C) suffrage.
D) social incentives.
E) incremental rights.
G) A) and B)
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A) Documentation of ownership of property
B) Grandfather clauses requiring non-slave status of ancestors
C) Literacy tests
D) Poll taxes
E) Proof of honorable service in the Union military forces
G) A) and C)
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A) invalidated literacy tests and property requirements and required select states and cities to apply for permission to the Justice Department to change their voting laws.
B) prohibited discrimination by employers and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate complaints of discrimination.
C) banned poll taxes in federal elections.
D) banned race discrimination in housing and made interference with a citizen's civil rights a federal crime.
E) banned racial discrimination in all public accommodations, including those that were privately owned.
G) A) and B)
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A) forced discrimination.
B) civil disobedience.
C) de facto discrimination.
D) de jure discrimination.
E) racial discrimination.
G) D) and E)
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A) invalidated the exclusion of black students from law school absent some other provision from their legal training.
B) rejected an attempt to create a separate law school for blacks by roping off a section of the state capitol and assigning three law teachers to them.
C) invalidated an attempt to create an alternative law school for blacks because any such alternative would be inherently different in the reputation of its faculty.
D) rejected as "unequal" an attempt to provide graduate education to a black student by making him sit in a classroom surrounded by a railing marked "reserved for colored."
E) ruled that no scheme of racial discrimination can stand if "there is state participation through any arrangement, management, fund, or property."
G) C) and D)
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The tensions between state and federal a...View Answer
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A) Black Codes
B) Jim Crow laws
C) Racial reorganization codes
D) Slaughterhouse Codes
E) Purge rules
G) None of the above
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B
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The methods of achieving civil rights ha...View Answer
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A) that slavery could end, but African Americans must gain their rights incrementally.
B) that economic equality was acceptable, but political equality was immoral.
C) that slavery was immoral and equality was tantamount to a healthy and moral society.
D) that slavery must be abolished with reasonable speed and effectiveness.
E) that blacks were "so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect."
G) D) and E)
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E
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The Gay Rights and Disability Rights mov...View Answer
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A) States must act with haste to correct discriminatory laws and practices.
B) Institutionalized and legalized racial segregation violates the Fourteenth Amendment's "equal protection" clause.
C) Only the state governments may address race relations.
D) The Fourteenth Amendment does not give powers to the federal government to regulate local segregation issues.
E) The doctrine of "separate but equal" was established and segregation was constitutional if this standard was met.
G) All of the above
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