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Which of the following describes the property of  equal area \underline { \text { equal area } } on a map?


A) equivalence
B) conformality
C) proximity
D) equidistance

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Latitude is easily determined using celestial objects whereas longitude is not easily calculated in such a manner and requires time-keeping devices.

A) True
B) False

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The basis for defining the length of a day is the fact that


A) Earth rotates east to west.
B) Earth moves through 365.25 days a year in its orbit about the Sun.
C) Earth rotates on its axis in 24 hours, i.e., it rotates 15 degrees of longitude per hour.
D) Earth does not rotate; rather, it revolves.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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If you were standing at 20 degrees north latitude, you would be within which latitudinal geographic zone?


A) tropical
B) midlatitude
C) equatorial
D) subarctic
E) subtropical

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The four classes of map projections are called: ________, ________, ________, ________.

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planar; cy...

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A gnomonic light source is located at the surface of a globe.

A) True
B) False

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The three  inorganic \underline { \text { inorganic } } Earth realms are the


A) hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
B) thermosphere, lithosphere, heterosphere.
C) atmosphere, geoid, homosphere.
D) stratosphere, magnetosphere, and troposphere.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means that ________ feedback has occurred and that the planet is ________.


A) positive; in equilibrium
B) positive; out of equilibrium
C) negative; in equilibrium
D) negative; out of equilibrium

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The most extreme northern and southern parallels to experience perpendicular rays of the Sun at local noon are located at


A) the equator.
B) 23.5 degrees north and south.
C) 45 degrees north and south.
D) 66.5 degrees north and south.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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List the five principal themes of modern geographic education.

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location; place; reg...

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Which of the following most accurately characterizes the goal of geography?


A) the production of maps
B) memorization of the names of places on world and regional maps
C) memorization of the imports and exports of a country
D) understanding why a place has the characteristics that it does

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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At least three methods of expressing scale on maps are: ________, ________, ________.

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written; g...

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Which of the following statements about Earth is correct?


A) It is elongated.
B) Earth is the second largest planet in the solar system.
C) The equatorial circumference is 57 km (42 mi.) greater than the polar circumference.
D) Earth is perfectly spherical.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An isoline denoting all points at the same elevation is called


A) an isobar.
B) an isotherm.
C) an isohyet.
D) a contour line.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Earth's circumference is greatest when measured around the


A) poles.
B) equator.
C) subtropics.
D) prime meridian.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Living systems are considered


A) biotic.
B) inorganic.
C) part of the lithosphere.
D) abiotic.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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An angular distance measured east or west of a prime meridian from the center of Earth is termed


A) longitude.
B) latitude.
C) zenith.
D) Greenwich distance.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is false?


A) Earth represents a vast integrated system.
B) Earth represents an open system in terms of energy.
C) Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter.
D) New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following describes the property of  true shape \underline { \text { true shape } } on a map?


A) equivalence
B) conformality
C) proximity
D) equidistance

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A great circle is


A) any parallel of latitude.
B) the shortest distance between two places on the surface of Earth.
C) a circle of circumference whose center coincides with the center of Earth.
D) a correct magnetic compass direction on a flat map.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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