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The Internet has _______ the barriers of publication, while leading to an increase in _______ reliable sources.


A) lowered; more
B) lowered; less
C) raised; more
D) raised; less
E) not affected; more

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Since the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the FCC has removed:


A) provisions of the equal time doctrine.
B) rules covering what kind of content can be shown on the Internet.
C) restrictions on how much of the media any one company can own.
D) restrictions on whether foreigners can own media.
E) rules governing content of newspaper articles.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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If the New York Times publishes an article giving favorable coverage to one candidate for a Senate race but not another, it is an example of priming.

A) True
B) False

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The government's willingness to regulate broadcast media more heavily than print media reflects:


A) public demands for a better political balance on television.
B) the history of partisan ownership of newspapers.
C) the fact that the framers did not anticipate broadcasting and therefore could not protect it in the Constitution.
D) the belief that the airways are public property.
E) the creation of the 24-hour news cycle.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When the media focus on the relative standing of candidates rather than their policy proposals, they are engaged in:


A) horse race coverage.
B) attack journalism.
C) soft news.
D) hard news.
E) filtering.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Describe how the number and variety of media outlets has changed from colonial times to modern America. What were the main factors in producing these changes? What are the positive and negative outcomes of the changes?

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The number and variety of media outlets ...

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Why do the media focus so much of their coverage on stories that include conflict and controversy? Drawing on what you know about the types of stories the media report (for example, horse race stories and attack journalism), discuss the affect this has on the relationship between news coverage, the public's response, and government policy.

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The media often focus on stories that in...

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Take a major media story of the past four years. Explain how coverage of that story might differ depending on the source (newspaper, TV, radio, Internet, and so on). Use that media story to explain how the media engage in any two of the following media effects: slant, framing, priming, and filtering.

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One major media story of the past four y...

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Concerns about media concentration and cross-ownership are based on:


A) government hostility toward privately owned media.
B) interpretations of freedom of the press.
C) public standards about what constitutes quality news programming.
D) the expansion of the Internet and other media technologies.
E) beliefs that it is better for democracy if the press espouses many different views.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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If a reporter calls to interview you and you agree to talk, but only on the condition that you are not listed as the source of the information, this is an example of what phenomenon?


A) yellow journalism
B) investigative journalism
C) filtering
D) shield laws
E) "on background" conversations

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The main goal of most media, regardless of format, is increasing their audience.

A) True
B) False

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Media conglomerates have been created due to regulatory changes that accelerated concentration and cross-ownership.

A) True
B) False

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When the Federal Emergency Management Agency held a press conference about California wildfires but had its own employees ask the questions rather than having reporters do so, it was:


A) going off the record.
B) exercising prior restraint.
C) staging the news.
D) providing background.
E) leaking information.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The fact that politicians and bureaucrats work hard to get news coverage that is in line with their preferred policy outcomes suggests:


A) editors have no control over news content.
B) newspapers are better equipped to cover important news about government policies.
C) there are no framing effects.
D) a link exists between media coverage and public policy.
E) reporters rely on the government to tell them what is news.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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A difficulty in determining media effects is causality-that is, whether exposure to a story actually leads people to change their minds about a particular issue.

A) True
B) False

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The regulations on broadcast media by the Federal Communications Commission reflect the assumption that the airways are public property.

A) True
B) False

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The National Journal, New Republic, Nation, and National Review are examples of what?


A) TV talk shows focused on current events
B) daily newspapers
C) magazines offering extensive news coverage
D) the penny press
E) wire services

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following terms refers to journalism that seeks to expose corruption and inspire political reform?


A) muckraking
B) yellow journalism
C) penny press
D) cross-ownership
E) soft news

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following is an example of how leaks within government help provide the basis for news reports?


A) the rocky rollout of healthcare.gov
B) President Barack Obama's meeting with House Republicans
C) Senator Larry Craig's arrest
D) Edward Snowden and the NSA
E) a blog written by military personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Many Americans learn about politics accidentally, illustrating:


A) that the primary purpose of the media is framing how people think about politics.
B) the pervasive power of the media even when they are not focusing on politics and government.
C) the minimal effects hypothesis.
D) the by-product theory.
E) filtering.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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