Question 1

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that the advent of ________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A)   an autobiographical memory
B)   a clear self-image
C)   object permanence
D)   mnemonic strategiesE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Most infant tests

Accepted Answer

A)   are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
B)   emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
C)   do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.
D)   show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Molly has an IQ of 130. Molly performed better than _____ percent of her agemates.

Accepted Answer

A)   16
B)   50
C)   85
D)   98E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following statements is supported by research on child-directed speech?

Accepted Answer

A)   Deaf mothers lack a style of communication similar to child-directed speech.
B)   By as early as 5 months, infants are more emotionally receptive to child-directed speech.
C)   Infants begin to prefer child-directed speech over other kinds of adult talk by age 2.
D)   Child-directed speech becomes less information-laden and more emotion-laden over the first year of life.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Ten-month-old Thaddeus and his 12-year-old brother watch their cat play with a ball. Thaddeus looks at the cat and then looks at his brother to ensure that he is also watching the cat. Thaddeus's brother labels the cat and the ball. Thaddeus and his brother are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)   sustained attention.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   child-directed speech.
D)   joint attention.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

According to core knowledge theorists,

Accepted Answer

A)   each "prewired" core domain of thought permits a ready grasp of new, related information and, therefore, supports early, rapid development.
B)   infants make sense of the complex stimulation around them by repeating chance behaviors again and again.
C)   infants are endowed with very little innate understanding and must rely on their interactions with the environment to construct knowledge.
D)   infants are not born with knowledge of concepts or reasoning because such ready-made knowledge would limit their ability to adapt to environmental changes.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Research demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   girls are slightly ahead of boys in early vocabulary growth.
B)   shy toddlers' vocabularies are typically larger than their agemates'.
C)   mothers tend to talk more to toddler-age boys than to girls.
D)   boys and girls develop their vocabularies at the same rate.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Dr. Mastick believes that children are "prewired" to master the intricate rules of their language. Dr. Mastick's views are consistent with which theory of language development?

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism
B)   nativism
C)   interactionism
D)   psychoanalyticE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Studies show that children begin to prefer child-directed speech over other kinds of adult talk at

Accepted Answer

A)   birth.
B)   3 months.
C)   6 months.
D)   12 months.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Two landmark cognitive changes that take place in Substage 4 of the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   deferred imitation; animistic thinking
B)   intentional behavior; object permanence
C)   dual representation; intentional behavior
D)   deferred imitation; object permanenceE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Telegraphic speech

Accepted Answer

A)   usually contains significant grammatical errors.
B)   focuses on high-content words.
C)   emerges around age 3.
D)   focuses on smaller, less important words.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Two-year-old Zach utters the words "more cookie." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   telegraphic speech.
B)   referential speech.
C)   expressive speech.
D)   an overextension.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

According to Vygotsky, children master activities and think in ways that have meaning in their culture through

Accepted Answer

A)   the physical world acting on the child.
B)   independent interaction with the physical environment.
C)   the biological unfolding of genetic structures.
D)   joint activities with more mature members of their society.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

According to the information-processing perspective, ___________ increase(s)  the chances that we will retain information and use it efficiently.

Accepted Answer

A)   autobiographical memory
B)   individual experiences
C)   use of mental strategies
D)   operant conditioningE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Research on infant attention demonstrates that ________ between birth and 4 to 5 months of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   attraction to novelty increases
B)   sustained attention declines
C)   habituation time decreases
D)   the ability to shift attention declinesE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Sally and her granddaughter play peekaboo regularly. At first, Sally starts the game and her granddaughter is an amused observer. By 12 months, the granddaughter actively participates, trading roles with Sally. Sally is helping her granddaughter

Accepted Answer

A)   learn how to overextend and underextend.
B)   understand the turn-taking pattern of human conversation.
C)   develop a referential style of communication.
D)   understand telegraphic speech.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Research demonstrates that make-believe play is

Accepted Answer

A)   less frequent and rich in collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures.
B)   a major means through which children extend their cognitive and social skills.
C)   usually initiated by toddlers rather than their parents or older siblings.
D)   discovered by toddlers independently, once they are capable of representational schemes.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Expressive-style children tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   eagerly imitate their parents' frequent naming of objects.
B)   think that words are for naming objects or people.
C)   have faster growing vocabularies than referential-style children.
D)   have parents who more often use verbal routines that support social relationships.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development test

Accepted Answer

A)   is suitable for preschool and school-age children.
B)   accurately predicts future school achievement.
C)   is suitable for children between one month and 3½ years.
D)   is a poor predictor of infants' mental development.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

In Piaget's theory, ____________ involves building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   disequilibrium
B)   assimilation
C)   organization
D)   adaptationE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

According to core knowledge theorists,

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Ten-month-old Thaddeus and his 12-year-old brother watch their cat play with a ball. Thaddeus looks at the cat and then looks at his brother to ensure that he is also watching the cat. Thaddeus's brother labels the cat and the ball. Thaddeus and his brother are engaged in

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Most infant tests

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Two-year-old Zach utters the words "more cookie." This is an example of

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Research demonstrates that

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Telegraphic speech

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In Piaget's theory, ____________ involves building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research demonstrates that make-believe play is

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Molly has an IQ of 130. Molly performed better than _____ percent of her agemates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the information-processing perspective, ___________ increase(s) the chances that we will retain information and use it efficiently.

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Research on infant attention demonstrates that ________ between birth and 4 to 5 months of age.

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Sally and her granddaughter play peekaboo regularly. At first, Sally starts the game and her granddaughter is an amused observer. By 12 months, the granddaughter actively participates, trading roles with Sally. Sally is helping her granddaughter

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two landmark cognitive changes that take place in Substage 4 of the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory are ________ and ________.

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According to Vygotsky, children master activities and think in ways that have meaning in their culture through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expressive-style children tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Mastick believes that children are "prewired" to master the intricate rules of their language. Dr. Mastick's views are consistent with which theory of language development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development test

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is supported by research on child-directed speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that the advent of ________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies show that children begin to prefer child-directed speech over other kinds of adult talk at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Two landmark cognitive changes that take place in Substage 4 of the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory are and .

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