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Which of the following techniques will NOT help people improve their empathic skills?


A) listening non-judgmentally to the speaker
B) acknowledging the speaker's feelings
C) encouraging the speaker to focus on what he or she still has, instead of what was lost
D) communicating support to the speaker nonverbally

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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How is pseudolistening related to glazing over?


A) They are the same thing.
B) You're actually listening during glazing over, but not during pseudolistening.
C) You're actually listening during pseudolistening, but not during glazing over.
D) Glazing over involves pretending to listen, but pseudolistening does not.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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B

Your text discusses the confirmation bias as a barrier to effective informational listening, but it can actually be a barrier to critical and empathic listening as well. Explain what the confirmation bias is, and then use concrete examples to illustrate how it can impair each type of listening: informational, critical, and empathic.

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The confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that causes people to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This bias can lead individuals to ignore or dismiss information that contradicts their beliefs, and to seek out information that supports what they already think. In the context of informational listening, the confirmation bias can impair one's ability to accurately process and understand new information. For example, if someone has a strong belief in a certain political ideology, they may only seek out news sources and information that align with that ideology, ignoring or dismissing any conflicting information. This can lead to a narrow and biased understanding of the world. In critical listening, the confirmation bias can prevent individuals from objectively evaluating and analyzing information. For instance, if someone strongly believes in a certain conspiracy theory, they may only focus on evidence that supports the theory and ignore any evidence that contradicts it. This can hinder their ability to critically assess the validity of the information they are receiving. In empathic listening, the confirmation bias can hinder one's ability to truly understand and empathize with others. For example, if someone holds negative stereotypes about a certain group of people, they may only pay attention to stories or experiences that confirm those stereotypes, and dismiss any stories that challenge them. This can lead to a lack of empathy and understanding towards others' experiences and perspectives. In all three types of listening, the confirmation bias can create barriers to effective communication and understanding, as it distorts the way individuals process and interpret information. Overcoming the confirmation bias requires conscious effort to seek out diverse perspectives, critically evaluate information, and remain open to changing one's beliefs in the face of new evidence.

Which type of listening response includes the use of head nods, facial expressions, and short utterances such as "uh-huh" that signal your interest to the speaker?


A) pseudolistening
B) engaging
C) supporting
D) backchanneling

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Imagine that you are a skills trainer for a local community center and you've been asked to give a talk to troubled couples about the importance of listening. In order to help these couples, you decide to focus your presentation on several barriers to effective listening. Pick at least three of the barriers identified in your textbook. For each, define the listening barrier, come up with an example of the behavior that is appropriate for your audience, and then suggest at least two ways that these couples can avoid the problems associated with that barrier in their relationships.

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One barrier to effective listening is se...

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A(n) _________________ is a memory aid that helps people recall important information.


A) memory enhancement device
B) mnemonic device
C) recall device
D) alliteration device

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Empathic listening means feeling sorry for someone else.

A) True
B) False

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This is the active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message:


A) hearing
B) acknowledging
C) understanding
D) listening

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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The average person speaks less than 150 words per minute.

A) True
B) False

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Explain the concept of probability. Using concrete examples, illustrate what possibility, probability, and certainty are.

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Probability is a measure of the likelihood that a specific event will occur. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty. Possibility refers to the existence of a chance that an event could occur. For example, it is possible for a flipped coin to land on either heads or tails. In this case, the possibility of the coin landing on heads is 1 out of 2, or 0.5. Probability, on the other hand, is a more precise measure of the likelihood of an event occurring. Using the example of a fair coin, the probability of it landing on heads is 0.5, as there are only two possible outcomes and each is equally likely. Certainty refers to the assurance that an event will occur. For example, if a six-sided die is rolled, the certainty of it landing on a number between 1 and 6 is 1, as there are no other possible outcomes. In summary, possibility refers to the existence of a chance, probability measures the likelihood of an event occurring, and certainty indicates the assurance that an event will occur. These concepts are fundamental to understanding and analyzing uncertain events in various fields such as mathematics, statistics, and decision-making.

Which of the following statements about listening is true, according to your text?


A) Listening is an innate ability.
B) People spend more time listening than speaking.
C) Everyone who listens to a message hears the same thing.
D) Hearing is the same as listening.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Your textbook talks about a number of studies that have consistently shown that the majority of people tend to think they are very good listeners. Take a minute to honestly evaluate your own listening skills. What listening habits have you developed that make you a good listener? What are things you could improve on to become a better listener? Are the strengths or challenges you presented confined to a certain social or relational context (e.g., work, school, familial relationships, romantic relationships)?

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Upon honest evaluation, I believe that I...

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Information overload can impair our ability to listen effectively.

A) True
B) False

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A study conducted by communication researchers Kathryn Dindia and Bonnie Kennedy concluded that college students


A) spend as much time listening as they do engaging in all other communication activities combined
B) spend about 20% of their time speaking
C) spend about 13% of their time reading
D) all of these are true

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Advertising campaigns often make exaggerated or untrue claims and hope that at least some consumers will believe them. Think of an advertisement you have seen or heard lately that makes claims that are likely exaggerated or simply untrue. Describe the advertisement and highlight the suspect claim(s). Next, using at least three of the ideas presented in the text and/or class, discuss techniques of better listening that would keep the average consumer from falling for this advertisement. Make sure to refer to how the advertisement takes advantage of these techniques.

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One advertisement that comes to mind is ...

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According to your text, this could qualify as noise:


A) loud music
B) feeling hungry
C) being too hot
D) all of the above

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Critical listening is more passive than informational listening.

A) True
B) False

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Dan is an atheist with a keen interest in politics. Whenever Dan is watching a debate and one of the candidates mentions his or her belief or interest in God, he stops listening to that candidate. Sometimes, he'll even change his vote if a candidate he likes mentions God too frequently. Which of the following listening barriers describes Dan?


A) rebuttal tendency
B) closed-mindedness
C) attack listening
D) information overload

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Using concrete examples, compare and contrast hearing and listening.

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Hearing and listening are often used int...

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On average, we are able to remember about ________ of what we hear.


A) 95%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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