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An isomer of glucose with the -OH group of the anomeric carbon C1 that is below the plane of the ring or on the right-hand side is:


A) D-glucose.
B) L-glucose.
C) ? -glucose.
D) ? -glucose.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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A sneaky diabetic tried to lower her glucose by working out and watching her diet 1 or 2 days before her appointment. The rest of the time she spent the day in front of the television and eating chocolates. What test could the doctor order to detect this type of behavior?


A) A glucose tolerance test
B) A glycosylated hemoglobin
C) Daily urine glucose
D) A hospital admission so he could watch her daily

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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All of the following statements about clinical hypoglycemia are true EXCEPT:


A) Neuroglycopenic symptoms must be present at the time of the low blood sugar.
B) Symptoms can be relieved by ingestion of carbohydrates.
C) High fasting insulin levels must be present to make a diagnosis.
D) C-peptide levels are normal or elevated.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Gluconeogenesis is:


A) The conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage.
B) The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, for example, amino acids, glycerol, and lactate.
C) The conversion of glucose into 3-C molecules, for example, lactate and pyruvate.
D) Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose and other intermediate products.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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