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You have a tension headache. Possible causes include all the following EXCEPT


A) muscle contractions in your head and neck from leaning over your desk while studying.
B) being allergic to the milk in the ice cream you ate last night.
C) constriction of the blood vessels in your brain from too much caffeine.
D) muscle spasms from chewing gum for hours while studying.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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When bacteria establish themselves in or on a host without causing an infection, this is known as


A) colonization.
B) infestation.
C) foundation.
D) globalization.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Davie became very ill with an E.coli infection while living on his grandfather's dairy farm last summer. He could have been infected in all of the following ways EXCEPT


A) eating undercooked ground beef.
B) drinking unpasteurized milk.
C) swimming in a sewage-contaminated creek.
D) a mosquito bite.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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You cannot believe that you seem to have come down with the flu while vacationing at a peaceful resort on a lake. The only downside to the beautiful location is having to constantly apply mosquito repellant to fend off the annoying bugs. The illness you most likely have is


A) ebola hemorrhagic fever.
B) hantavirus.
C) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) .
D) West Nile virus.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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The common cold is which type of infection?


A) Fungal
B) Viral
C) Protozoan
D) Staphylococcal

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The stage of syphilis that is characterized by a bacteria-filled chancre is


A) primary syphilis.
B) secondary syphilis.
C) latent syphilis.
D) tertiary syphilis.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Greg frequently gets cold sores (caused by HSV-1) . He recently noticed that his left eye had a painful lesion, and he immediately made an appointment with his doctor. Greg's eye most likely became infected with the herpes virus when he touched his mouth and shortly afterward rubbed his eye, which is transmission via


A) autoinoculation.
B) direct contact.
C) indirect contact.
D) irritation.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a staphylococcal infection?


A) Scarlet fever
B) Pneumonia
C) Acne
D) Lyme disease

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The new human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination prevents all types of HPV.

A) True
B) False

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All bacteria can cause disease in humans.

A) True
B) False

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Ray went on a missionary trip to an underdeveloped country. While there, he enjoyed cultural celebrations that gave him the opportunity to sample a wide range of locally grown foods. He had to return home when he contracted hepatitis. Ray most likely has


A) hepatitis A.
B) hepatitis B.
C) hepatitis C.
D) hepatitis D.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The bubonic plague is an example of a(n)


A) pandemic.
B) autoimmune disease.
C) epidemic.
D) treatable infection.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

A) True
B) False

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Asthma is an allergic reaction to specific types of pollen.

A) True
B) False

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Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life?


A) Naturally acquired passive immunity
B) Naturally acquired active immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) Artificially acquired active immunity

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Trichomoniasis is which type of infection?


A) Fungal
B) Viral
C) Protozoan
D) Bacterial

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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You woke up this morning with the worst headache of your life, and you feel nauseous. Your neck feels so stiff that you can hardly nod your head. Your roommate says your skin is very hot and you probably have a fever. Which of the following statements is true?


A) You drank too much and your roommate should make you quit whining and get out of bed.
B) You studied so much last night that you developed a tension headache. Your roommate should let you rest.
C) You are experiencing an aura associated with a migraine headache and your roommate should allow you to turn off all the lights.
D) You have signs of meningitis. Both you and your roommate should go to the health clinic immediately.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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You want to decrease your risk of developing an infectious disease. Which of the following factors can you control?


A) Heredity
B) Nutritional status
C) Environmental conditions
D) Age

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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A rise in body temperature that occurs to destroy invading cells is a(n)


A) fever.
B) autoimmune disease.
C) sign of hypertension.
D) allergic reaction.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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A self-replicating protein-based agent that is thought to cause mad cow disease is a type of


A) virus.
B) fungi.
C) protozoan.
D) prion.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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