Question 1

Which statement MOST accurately expresses the relationship between knowledge-based and data-based processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some stimuli are processed in a data-based fashion, whereas others are processed in a knowledge-based manner.
B)  The contribution to perception of data-based processes is much smaller than that of knowledge-based processes.
C)  Knowledge-based processes only contribute to perception when stimuli are highly unusual, unexpected, or ambiguous.
D)  Knowledge-based and data-based processes occur simultaneously during the perception of many, if not all, stimuli.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which region of the ear is correctly matched with a general description of its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  outer ear - collection
B)  middle ear - reception
C)  inner ear - amplification
D)  All of these are correctly matched.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

In its discussion of perceptual set, the textbook suggests that people see what they expect to see. Perceptual set, therefore, is an example of a _____ influence on perception.

Accepted Answer

A)  data-based
B)  knowledge-based
C)  top-down
D)  knowledge-based or top-downE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

People are more sensitive to bitter tastes than they are to sweet ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

About _____% of European-American males exhibit a color deficiency. About _____% of European-American females exhibit a color deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; 1
B)  1; 8
C)  8; 1
D)  8; 8E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

The olfactory receptors are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory epithelium.
B)  olfactory bulb.
C)  papillae.
D)  glomeruli.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

On each trial in an experiment, a researcher exposes participants to either a pleasant or an unpleasant priming picture for several milliseconds. She then shows participants a picture of a person's face and asks the participants to rate the person's likeability. The researcher is MOST likely studying:

Accepted Answer

A)  subliminal influences.
B)  adaptation.
C)  difference thresholds.
D)  transduction.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Dogs see the world in black and white.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which structure of the eye is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  pupil - tough transparent structure that focuses light
B)  cornea - clear outer layer covering the eye
C)  iris - black hole in the center of the eye
D)  lens - muscles controlling the amount of light entering the eyeE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

With respect to the trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color perception, which statement is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trichromatic theory has largely been discredited.
B)  Opponent-process theory has largely been discredited.
C)  Trichromatic theory describes color processing early in the visual system; opponent-process theory describes color processing later on in the visual system.
D)  Opponent-process theory describes color processing early in the visual system; trichromatic theory describes color processing later on in the visual system.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The textbook describes young triplets who were outfitted with cochlear implants. Which statement is True regarding cochlear implants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cochlear implants work by amplifying incoming sound waves.
B)  Cochlear implants enable many people to understand language.
C)  Hearing with a cochlear implant is the same as hearing with two ears.
D)  The deaf community has embraced cochlear implants.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Identify one of your favorite foods. Explain how olfactory and gustatory structures and processes contribute to your experience of the food's taste.

Accepted Answer

A sample answer should look something li...

Question 13

According to the textbook, the average person can see _____ colors.

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly 1,000
B)  about 10,000
C)  just over 200,000
D)  over 2,000,000E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

The cornea and the lens both contribute to focusing light waves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Sounds cause immediate damage to the auditory system when their amplitude exceeds:

Accepted Answer

A)  70 dB.
B)  140 dB.
C)  70 Hz.
D)  140 Hz.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following represents a knowledge-based explanation of the Müller-Lyer illusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observers make more eye movements away from the center of the horizontal line when the arrowheads point inward than when they point outward. The horizontal line is thus perceived as longer when the arrowheads point inward than when they point outward.
B)  Based on their experience with the built environment, observers perceive the inward-pointing arrowheads as a nearby outside corner of a building or other rectangular object; in contrast, the outward pointing arrowheads are seen as a more distant, but larger, inside corner.
C)  Both of these statements reflect knowledge-based explanations of the Müller-Lyer illusion.
D)  Neither of these statements reflects a knowledge-based explanation of the Müller-Lyer illusion.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

According to the text, nearly 1 in _____ American teens suffers some degree of hearing loss.

Accepted Answer

A)  3
B)  4
C)  5
D)  8E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

With respect to slow pain fibers, which statement is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of relatively large neurons.
B)  They transmit information using endorphins.
C)  They consist of myelinated neurons.
D)  They consist of unmyelinated neurons.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

There are _____ taste buds. Each of these contains _____ taste receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  5; 5,000 to 10,000
B)  5,000 to 10,000; 5
C)  5,000 to 10,000; 50 to100
D)  5,000 to 10,000; 5,000 to 10,000E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Approximately 65 to 75% of the eye's focusing ability comes from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cornea.
B)  pupil.
C)  lens.
D)  retina.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 3: Biology and Behavior

Identify one of your favorite foods. Explain how olfactory and gustatory structures and processes contribute to your experience of the food's taste.

Correct Answer
verified
A sample answer should look something li...
View Answer

In its discussion of perceptual set, the textbook suggests that people see what they expect to see. Perceptual set, therefore, is an example of a _____ influence on perception.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Dogs see the world in black and white.

Correct Answer
verified

The olfactory receptors are located in the:

Correct Answer
verified

With respect to the trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color perception, which statement is MOST accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

There are _ taste buds. Each of these contains _ taste receptors.

Correct Answer
verified

With respect to slow pain fibers, which statement is True?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement MOST accurately expresses the relationship between knowledge-based and data-based processing?

Correct Answer
verified

Which structure of the eye is correctly matched with its description?

Correct Answer
verified

Approximately 65 to 75% of the eye's focusing ability comes from the:

Correct Answer
verified

People are more sensitive to bitter tastes than they are to sweet ones.

Correct Answer
verified

Sounds cause immediate damage to the auditory system when their amplitude exceeds:

Correct Answer
verified

Which region of the ear is correctly matched with a general description of its function?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the textbook, the average person can see _____ colors.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following represents a knowledge-based explanation of the Müller-Lyer illusion?

Correct Answer
verified

The textbook describes young triplets who were outfitted with cochlear implants. Which statement is True regarding cochlear implants?

Correct Answer
verified

The cornea and the lens both contribute to focusing light waves.

Correct Answer
verified

About _% of European-American males exhibit a color deficiency. About _% of European-American females exhibit a color deficiency.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, nearly 1 in _____ American teens suffers some degree of hearing loss.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 3: Biology and Behavior

Identify one of your favorite foods. Explain how olfactory and gustatory structures and processes contribute to your experience of the food's taste.

Correct AnswerverifiedA sample answer should look something li...View AnswerShow Answer

In its discussion of perceptual set, the textbook suggests that people see what they expect to see. Perceptual set, therefore, is an example of a _____ influence on perception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dogs see the world in black and white.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The olfactory receptors are located in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With respect to the trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color perception, which statement is MOST accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are _____ taste buds. Each of these contains _____ taste receptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With respect to slow pain fibers, which statement is True?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement MOST accurately expresses the relationship between knowledge-based and data-based processing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which structure of the eye is correctly matched with its description?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately 65 to 75% of the eye's focusing ability comes from the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are more sensitive to bitter tastes than they are to sweet ones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sounds cause immediate damage to the auditory system when their amplitude exceeds:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which region of the ear is correctly matched with a general description of its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook, the average person can see _____ colors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents a knowledge-based explanation of the Müller-Lyer illusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The textbook describes young triplets who were outfitted with cochlear implants. Which statement is True regarding cochlear implants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cornea and the lens both contribute to focusing light waves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About _____% of European-American males exhibit a color deficiency. About _____% of European-American females exhibit a color deficiency.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, nearly 1 in _____ American teens suffers some degree of hearing loss.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A sample answer should look something li...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

There are _ taste buds. Each of these contains _ taste receptors.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

About _% of European-American males exhibit a color deficiency. About _% of European-American females exhibit a color deficiency.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified