Question 1

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function?

Accepted Answer

A)  reproduction
B)  feeding
C)  locomotion
D)  defense
E)  respirationF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Which is the most inclusive (most general) group, all of whose members have fingernails instead of claws?

Accepted Answer

A)  hominoids
B)  Homo
C)  anthropoids
D)  hominins
E)  primatesF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1.

-The organisms represented by 8 most likely are

Accepted Answer

A)  birds.
B)  mammals.
C)  nonbird, terrestrial reptiles.
D)  aquatic reptiles.
E)  all mammals except humans.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit) . The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow) .
-From which of the following groups are snakes most likely descended?

Accepted Answer

A)  dinosaurs
B)  plesiosaurs
C)  lizards
D)  crocodiles
E)  synapsidsF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

For the following items, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions.
-Three major groups: egg-laying, pouched, and placental

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians
B)  nonbird reptiles
C)  chondrichthyans
D)  mammals
E)  birdsF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The most primitive hominin discovered to date

Accepted Answer

A)  may have hunted dinosaurs.
B)  lived 1.2 million years ago.
C)  closely resembled a chimpanzee.
D)  walked on two legs.
E)  had a relatively large brain.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Accepted Answer

A)  lack nipples.
B)  have some embryonic development outside the mother's uterus.
C)  lay eggs.
D)  are found in Australia and Africa.
E)  include only insectivores and herbivores.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1.

-Which of these is a trend in hominin evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ability to switch back and forth between bipedalism and quadrupedalism
B)  well-developed claws for clinging to trees
C)  a shoulder joint increasingly adapted to brachiation
D)  increased brain to body ratio
E)  a shortened period of parental care of offspringF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Accepted Answer

A)  the digestive system's opening.
B)  suspension-feeding devices.
C)  components of the jaw.
D)  gill slits for respiration.
E)  portions of the inner ear.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

Accepted Answer

A)  lancelets
B)  adult tunicates
C)  amphibians
D)  reptiles
E)  chondrichthyansF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit) . The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow) .
-Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic relatedness of birds and reptiles.
B)  contention that birds are much older than we originally thought.
C)  claim that some dinosaurs had feathers well before birds had evolved.
D)  idea that the first birds were ratites.
E)  hypothesis that the earliest birds were ectothermic.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 12

Humans and apes are presently classified in the same category as all of the following levels except

Accepted Answer

A)  class.
B)  genus.
C)  kingdom.
D)  order.
E)  phylum.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 13

Which of these species was the first to craft stone tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  H. heidelbergensis
B)  H. erectus
C)  H. ergaster
D)  H. habilis
E)  H. sapiensF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

All of the following belong to the lobe-fin clade, except

Accepted Answer

A)  chondrichthyans.
B)  Australian lungfishes.
C)  African lungfishes.
D)  coelacanths.
E)  tetrapods.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-Terry detaches the snakelike organism from the fish and uses a knife to cut off its head. In doing so, its brain slides out onto the deck of the boat. Terry peers into the cut end of the head and notices that the brain had lain in a sort of pan-like structure that only partially surrounded the brain. What is the structure Terry is observing, and what is it made of?

Accepted Answer

A)  skull, bone
B)  cranium, bone
C)  cranium, cartilage
D)  vertebral column, bone
E)  vertebral column, cartilageF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-Having caught and handled a hagfish, what will Terry's shipmates most likely require Terry to do before returning to further fishing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spend some time below deck; only someone who'd spent too much time in the sun would remove hagfish denticles for later "analysis."
B)  Clean the bucketsful of hagfish slime from the deck of the boat.
C)  Dispose of the fishing tackle that had been poisoned by coming into contact with the hagfish.
D)  Cut up the remaining hagfish and share pieces of this highly sought-after baitfish.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which group's members had (have) both lungs and gills during their adult lives?

Accepted Answer

A)  sharks, skates, and rays
B)  lungfishes
C)  lancelets
D)  amphibians
E)  ichthyosaurs and plesiosaursF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit) . The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow) .
-Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  lizards
B)  crocodiles
C)  snakes
D)  birds
E)  mammalsF) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of these species is currently thought to be the direct ancestor of H. neanderthalensis?

Accepted Answer

A)  H. heidelbergensis
B)  H. erectus
C)  H. ergaster
D)  H. habilis
E)  H. sapiensF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-The snakelike organism turned out to be a hagfish. Consequently, why should Terry throw the fish he caught overboard, rather than having it for dinner?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has mucus on its skin.
B)  If it had an ectoparasite, then it must also have endoparasites.
C)  The bite of the hagfish introduces paralytic neurotoxins, which Terry wants to avoid.
D)  It was already sick or dying; otherwise, the hagfish would probably not have attacked it.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 34: Vertebrates

Which group's members had (have) both lungs and gills during their adult lives?

Correct Answer
verified

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Correct Answer
verified

Humans and apes are presently classified in the same category as all of the following levels except

Correct Answer
verified

For the following items, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions. -Three major groups: egg-laying, pouched, and placental

Correct Answer
verified

Which is the most inclusive (most general) group, all of whose members have fingernails instead of claws?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these species was the first to craft stone tools?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The most primitive hominin discovered to date

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these species is currently thought to be the direct ancestor of H. neanderthalensis?

Correct Answer
verified

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Correct Answer
verified

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1. -Which of these is a trend in hominin evolution?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1. -The organisms represented by 8 most likely are

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following belong to the lobe-fin clade, except

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 34: Vertebrates

Which group's members had (have) both lungs and gills during their adult lives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans and apes are presently classified in the same category as all of the following levels except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For the following items, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions. -Three major groups: egg-laying, pouched, and placental

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the most inclusive (most general) group, all of whose members have fingernails instead of claws?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these species was the first to craft stone tools?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most primitive hominin discovered to date

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these species is currently thought to be the direct ancestor of H. neanderthalensis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1. -Which of these is a trend in hominin evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1. -The organisms represented by 8 most likely are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following belong to the lobe-fin clade, except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified