Question 1

Owen Lovejoy's provisioning hypothesis proposes that:

Accepted Answer

A)  bipedalism meant less body surface to expose to the sun, resulting in a smaller body size.
B)  monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity for bipedalism.
C)  bipedalism arose in areas where the forest was disappearing.
D)  bipedalism arose as a result of a shift to hunting as a primary source of food.E) None of the above
F) A) and C) B

Question 2

The only preaustralopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Orrorin tugenensis.
B)  Ardipithecus kadabba.
C)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
D)  Ardipithecus ramidus.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind")  is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lake Turkana.
B)  Olduvai Gorge.
C)  Swartkrans.
D)  Hadar.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Robust australopithecines were extinct by:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mya.
B)  3 mya.
C)  4 mya.
D)  Their lineage continued.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Ardi was adapted to life in trees and:

Accepted Answer

A)  on the ground.
B)  in the desert.
C)  near water.
D)  both b.and c.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

The Oldowan Complex is a part of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper Paleolithic.
B)  Lower Paleolithic.
C)  Eocene.
D)  Solutrean.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Accepted Answer

Among other, more detailed anatomical fe...

Question 8

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops was important mainly because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it had a small brain like an ape's.
B)  it was discovered in Kenya.
C)  it showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya.
D)  it probably lived in woodlands.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant stone tools.
B)  animal bones with cutmarks.
C)  evidence for early Homo.
D)  fossil footprints.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:

Accepted Answer

A)  monogamy.
B)  multifamily grouping.
C)  pair bonding.
D)  multimale grouping.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 11

The Oldowan Complex includes tools like:

Accepted Answer

A)  hand axes, flakes, and cores.
B)  cobbles, flakes, and side scrapers.
C)  choppers, cobbles, flakes, and bone tools.
D)  choppers, hand axes, and side scrapers.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include:

Accepted Answer

A)  small front teeth and large back teeth.
B)  a small brain and a large body.
C)  a big face and a sagittal crest.
D)  both a.and c.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Evidence indicating that Orrorin tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  femur (thighbone) 
B)  skull
C)  foot
D)  pelvisE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

The patchy forest hypothesis proposes that forests:

Accepted Answer

A)  became patchy and food more dispersed.
B)  became lush woodlands.
C)  became wet and swamp-like.
D)  did not change.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

In an ape, the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates a large, projecting lower canine is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  dental gap.
B)  gingival space.
C)  mesial bridge.
D)  diastema.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The foundational behavior of hominins was:

Accepted Answer

A)  hunting.
B)  tool use.
C)  bipedalism.
D)  speech.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Based on the morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin tugenensis lived in a:

Accepted Answer

A)  dry savanna.
B)  woodland environment.
C)  jungle environment.
D)  forest environment.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) D

Question 18

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

Accepted Answer

The primitive nature of the fossil confi...

Question 19

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchandensis?

Accepted Answer

A)  big toe opposability
B)  larger body size
C)  length of the calcaneus
D)  nonhoning chewing complexE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Along with other distinct traits, robust australopithecines had large _______ adapted for grinding food.

Accepted Answer

A)  premolars and molars
B)  temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest
C)  front teeth and small back teeth
D)  both a.and b.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: the Roots of Humanity

Owen Lovejoy's provisioning hypothesis proposes that:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The only preaustralopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robust australopithecines were extinct by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ardi was adapted to life in trees and:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Oldowan Complex is a part of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedAmong other, more detailed anatomical fe...View AnswerShow Answer

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops was important mainly because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The Oldowan Complex includes tools like:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence indicating that Orrorin tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patchy forest hypothesis proposes that forests:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an ape, the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates a large, projecting lower canine is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The foundational behavior of hominins was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin tugenensis lived in a:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe primitive nature of the fossil confi...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchandensis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Along with other distinct traits, robust australopithecines had large _______ adapted for grinding food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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Among other, more detailed anatomical fe...
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C

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D

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The primitive nature of the fossil confi...
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