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Burial of the dead with elaborate grave goods is attributed to:


A) Homo neanderthalensis.
B) Homo sapiens.
C) Homo erectus.
D) both A and B

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Shovel-shaped incisors are one of the most distinctive features of people from:


A) East Asia and the Americas.
B) South Africa.
C) Australia.
D) India.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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All of the following sites contain hominid fossils displaying stone tool cut marks EXCEPT:


A) Gran Dolina,Spain.
B) Krapina,Croatia.
C) Herto,Ethiopia.
D) Klasies River Mouth,South Africa.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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According to the out-of-Africa model,the transition from archaic to modern Homo sapiens:


A) occurred in several areas simultaneously.
B) occurred only once,in Africa.
C) began in Asia.
D) took place about 500,000 years ago.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools,usually associated with Neandertals,are called the:


A) Mousterian.
B) Gravettian.
C) Solutrean.
D) Acheulean.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Stress markers in the teeth that reflect growth disruption due to poor diets or to poor health are called dental hypoplasias.

A) True
B) False

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The hominid skeleton (LB1) recovered from the Indonesian island of Flores:


A) has a very small brain,less than 400 cc.
B) lived there about 18,000 yBP.
C) stood about three feet tall in life.
D) all of the above

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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This type of stone tool traditionally marks the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic.


A) cleaver
B) chopper
C) flake
D) blade

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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All of the following traits suggest cold adaptation for Neandertals EXCEPT:


A) a narrow nasal aperture.
B) short limbs.
C) a wide torso.
D) a projecting mid-face.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Homo erectus and Homo sapiens are two widely recognized hominid species.In contrast,the hominids that are younger than most H.erectus fossils but older than the majority of H.sapiens fossils have been loosely categorized as "archaic" Homo sapiens.Why have these fossils not been given a distinct species name,and why do they remain so difficult to classify formally?

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During the middle Pleistocene,small homi...

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Fossil remains of archaic Homo sapiens:


A) occur only in Europe and Asia.
B) show a mixture of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens traits.
C) are dated to the late Pliocene.
D) are often found with Oldowan stone tools.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The Australian site where surprisingly robust 9,000-13,000-year-old human skulls were foundΒ is:


A) Kow Swamp.
B) Lake Mungo.
C) Melbourne.
D) Tasmania.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Archaic Homo sapiens are the first hominids to have expanded beyond Africa into other parts of the Old World.

A) True
B) False

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Anatomically,modern humans were found in all of the following sites EXCEPT:


A) Shanidar,Iraq.
B) Cro-Magnon,France.
C) Qafzeh,Israel.
D) Omo,Ethiopia.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in:


A) India.
B) Europe.
C) northern Africa.
D) Southeast Asia.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara,Israel?


A) the cervical (neck) vertebrae
B) the mandible
C) the ribs
D) the hyoid

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Allen's and Bergmann's rules predict anatomical adaptations to environments in mammals.These results are evident in:


A) the limb and trunk proportions of Neandertals.
B) the limb and trunk proportions of modern human populations.
C) the limb and trunk proportions of most mammals.
D) all of the above

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Partial skulls of two adults and of one child,dating to around 160,000 yBP and exhibiting mostly modern human features,come from:


A) Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania.
B) Herto,Ethiopia.
C) Border Cave,South Africa.
D) Skhul,Israel.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The first non-modern human fossil to be discovered and recognized as such was the:


A) Taung Baby from South Africa.
B) Homo erectus skull from Java.
C) Neandertal skull from Germany.
D) Cro-Magnon skull from France.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Heavy wear on Neandertals' incisor teeth has led some scientists to conclude that Neandertals used their front teeth:


A) as a kind of third hand for gripping materials.
B) for hunting and killing small animals.
C) for shaping the cutting edges of stone blades.
D) for gouging trees to extract sap.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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