Question 1

What is the name of the ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lake Turkana
B)  Olduvai Gorge
C)  Swartkrans
D)  HadarE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo habilis.
B)  Australopithecus afarensis.
C)  Orrorin tugenesis.
D)  Australopithecus africanus.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Based on the research of Philip Reno,early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism.What is this evidence of?

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive males
B)  multifamily grouping
C)  cooperative males
D)  multimale groupingE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

What do bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include?

Accepted Answer

A)  an ability to transport food more easily
B)  an ability to run faster
C)  reduced burden on the circulatory system
D)  less exposure to predatorsE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

By when were robust australopithecines extinct?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mya
B)  3 mya
C)  4 mya
D)  6 myaE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars,face,and muscles) indicate an adaptation to:

Accepted Answer

A)  eating hard food with sand in it.
B)  eating a great deal of red meat.
C)  eating foods requiring heavy chewing.
D)  gnawing on bones.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  opposable thumb
B)  nails instead of claws
C)  convergent eyes
D)  longitudinal arch in the footE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

What does ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found show?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early hominins lived in a lush jungle.
B)  Early hominins lived in a savannah.
C)  Early hominins lived in a forest.
D)  Early hominins migrated out of the area due to drought.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Humans use their molars to ________ their food.

Accepted Answer

A)  bite
B)  crush
C)  shear
D)  sliceE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

What was probably the environment of the earliest hominins?

Accepted Answer

A)  dense tropical forest
B)  complex hybrid habitats
C)  open savannah grassland
D)  arid,high-altitude uplandsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

Accepted Answer

The primitive nature of the fossil confi...

Question 12

What did the Laetoli footprints have that demonstrated that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike?

Accepted Answer

A)  long and curved toe bones
B)  a divergent big toe
C)  a single arch and five toes
D)  a rounded heel and a double archE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Discuss the two obligate traits,including specific anatomical features,that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing characteristics of ho...

Question 14

What is the main reason that Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus garhi had a bigger brain than other australopithecines.
B)  Australopithecus garhi had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines.
C)  Australopithecus garhi had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines.
D)  Australopithecus garhi was bipedal.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

In East Africa,what are robust australopithecines also called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orrorin
B)  Sahelanthropus
C)  Gigantopithecus
D)  ParanthropusE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Along with other distinct traits a robust australopithecine had ________ adapted for grinding food.

Accepted Answer

A)  large premolars and molars as well as a sagittal crest
B)  small temporalis muscles and large canines
C)  large front teeth and small back teeth
D)  a small tongue and a small faceE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

The diversity of the hominins included increasingly specialized:

Accepted Answer

A)  locomotion.
B)  social patterns.
C)  body sizes.
D)  diets.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following is true of speech,advanced cognition,and complex material culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not define a hominin.
B)  They define a hominin.
C)  They define a higher primate.
D)  They did not evolve through the primate lineage.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

What was the foundational behavior of hominins?

Accepted Answer

A)  hunting
B)  tool use
C)  bipedalism
D)  speechE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

What was the main reason the discovery of Australopithecus deyiremeda was important?

Accepted Answer

A)  It had a small brain like an ape's.
B)  It was discovered in Kenya.
C)  It showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya.
D)  It probably lived in woodlands.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

Discuss the two obligate traits,including specific anatomical features,that first emerge in the pre-australopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe distinguishing characteristics of ho...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the name of the ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the research of Philip Reno,early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism.What is this evidence of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the main reason the discovery of Australopithecus deyiremeda was important?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found show?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe primitive nature of the fossil confi...View AnswerShow Answer

By when were robust australopithecines extinct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of speech,advanced cognition,and complex material culture?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was probably the environment of the earliest hominins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans use their molars to ________ their food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the foundational behavior of hominins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the main reason that Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars,face,and muscles) indicate an adaptation to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In East Africa,what are robust australopithecines also called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diversity of the hominins included increasingly specialized:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Along with other distinct traits a robust australopithecine had ________ adapted for grinding food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did the Laetoli footprints have that demonstrated that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The distinguishing characteristics of ho...
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The primitive nature of the fossil confi...
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