Question 1

Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments,fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be well sorted
B)  include coarse grains,such as cobbles
C)  include fine grains,such as clay
D)  have angular grainsE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Beach sediments travel ________ the ocean during a transgression and ________ the ocean during a regression.

Accepted Answer

A)  toward;away from
B)  away from;toward
C)  parallel to;perpendicular to
D)  perpendicular to;parallel toE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Glacial till is composed of ________-sized particles.

Accepted Answer

A)  mud
B)  sand
C)  boulder
D)  allE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Grains become rounded primarily during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  weathering at the outcrop
B)  lithification
C)  transportation
D)  depositionE) B) and C)
F) None of the above C

Question 5

Diagenesis refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of layering within sedimentary rocks
B)  the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock
C)  physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock
D)  the natural process of separating sediment by grain sizeE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical
B)  chemical
C)  clastic
D)  organicE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

If a geologist found preserved mud cracks,he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  was once covered in wet mud
B)  was once covered by a glacier
C)  has been subjected to a major climate change event
D)  was the site of a mass extinction eventE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is FALSE about regressions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not typically well preserved in the sedimentary record.
B)  They can occur when the climate warms and continental ice sheets melt.
C)  They occur when the land is uplifted by tectonic processes.
D)  Coastal environments will migrate seaward.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

The image below shows a layer of ________,which is an accumulation of dead plant material.

Accepted Answer

A)  limestone
B)  coal
C)  sandstone
D)  chalkE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following processes involves the creation of ions in solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition
B)  transportation
C)  erosion
D)  weatheringE) C) and D)
F) B) and D) D

Question 11

The removal of detritus from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition
B)  erosion
C)  weathering
D)  lithificationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Describe the difference between lithification and diagenesis.

Accepted Answer

Lithification is the transformation of l...

Question 13

If water is the transport mechanism of sediment,the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop
B)  average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition
C)  velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom
D)  climate conditions at the time of depositionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  gravel
B)  sand
C)  pebbles
D)  clay/mudE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was most likely deposited as sand by a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  river (far from source) 
B)  glacier
C)  river (near source) 
D)  alluvial fanE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition
B)  erosion
C)  weathering
D)  lithificationE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Siltstone or mudstone containing marine fossils likely formed in a ________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  shallow-marine
B)  deep-marine
C)  marine-delta
D)  coastal-beachE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ________-sized due to the low amounts of energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  cobble
B)  gravel
C)  clay
D)  sandE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) forms which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical
B)  chemical
C)  clastic
D)  organicE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is finer grained than breccia
B)  is coarser grained than breccia
C)  possesses more angular grains than breccia
D)  possesses more rounded grains than brecciaE) A) and C)
F) A) and D) D

Exam 6: Pages of Earth S Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments,fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beach sediments travel ________ the ocean during a transgression and ________ the ocean during a regression.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glacial till is composed of ________-sized particles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Grains become rounded primarily during ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Diagenesis refers to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a geologist found preserved mud cracks,he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is FALSE about regressions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The image below shows a layer of ________,which is an accumulation of dead plant material.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes involves the creation of ions in solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The removal of detritus from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the difference between lithification and diagenesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedLithification is the transformation of l...View AnswerShow Answer

If water is the transport mechanism of sediment,the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was most likely deposited as sand by a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Siltstone or mudstone containing marine fossils likely formed in a ________ environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ________-sized due to the low amounts of energy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) forms which kind of sedimentary rock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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Beach sediments travel the ocean during a transgression and the ocean during a regression.

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D

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Lithification is the transformation of l...
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D