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Exam 16: The Evolution of Biodiversity

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Question 41

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We know that whales evolved from the same evolutionary ancestor as hoofed animals like cows and hippopotamuses because ____________.

A) whales, cows, and hippopotamuses have the same DNA sequence
B) whales, cows, and hippopotamuses all exhibit an anklebone with a unique shape
C) scientists have been able to induce whale embryos to develop into cows in the laboratory
D) remnants of horns are obvious on the skulls of whales

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 42

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Which of the following does NOT lead to adaptive radiation?

A) mass extinction
B) adaptations that allow an organism to use its environment in new ways
C) migration of a species into a new environment with a number of free ecological niches
D) a species living in a habitat to which it is well adapted

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 43

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The preserved footprint of a Neanderthal is a fossil.

Scientists can determine the approximate age of a fossil by using an unstable form of the element uranium,Uranium-235,which has a half-life of 700 million years.Such an unstable form of an element is called a ______________.

A group of orders is called a(n)____________.

Closely related phyla are grouped together into a class.

A gene that controls a battery of other genes that are responsible for the development of structures such as a limb during embryological development is called a(n) _____________.

The first vertebrates to colonize land were ____________.

About 220 million years ago,mammals evolved from ____________________.

A mutation in a homeotic gene would NOT be likely to cause which of the following developmental changes in an organism?

Members of all of Earth's different species (past and present)have been (or will be)converted into some type of fossil after their death.

Oxygen was one of the original gases abundant in Earth's atmosphere before the evolution of life.

Evidence that the Cretaceous mass extinction was created by the impact of an asteroid is the existence,buried under sediments off the coast of Mexico,of a huge ____________________.

Mass extinctions remove dominant groups of organisms and thus provide new ecological and evolutionary opportunities for groups of organisms that were previously of little importance.These organisms can then fill the now existing niches through the process of ___________.

The first single-celled prokaryotes evolved 3 billion years after the first eukaryotes.

Mammals branched out to evolve many new species after the extinction of the ___________________.

Mammals were able to evolve to fill some ecological roles that had previously been filled by dinosaurs,when the extinction of dinosaurs brought an end to the ____________________ between these two groups of animals.

A node on an evolutionary tree represents ___________.

Scientific advances in the study of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)have demonstrated that another factor has had as much of an impact as specific alterations in the genes on the macroevolutionary changes in body plans that have been observed through time.This factor is _____________.

The Cambrian explosion resulted in the evolution of more than 17,000 species of an animal known as the trilobite.The shear number of trilobite fossils found in modern times suggests that trilobites were very abundant,perhaps the rulers of the seas.Today,no living descendants of this group exist.What happened?