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Which of the following statements best characterizes the bourgeoisie's view of electoral and representative institutions?


A) They were opponents of electoral and representative institutions and favored a government run by a single monarch.
B) They were opponents of electoral and representative institutions and favored a government run by a small group of aristocrats and clergy members.
C) They were advocates of electoral and representative institutions that allowed for universal participation among all adults.
D) They were advocates of electoral and representative institutions, but they favored limiting participation to the middle and upper classes.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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There are many types of governments in the world today.What characteristics do political scientists use to distinguish between different types of government? What are the defining characteristics of an autocracy, an oligarchy, and a democracy? What are the defining characteristics of a constitutional government, an authoritarian government, and a totalitarian government?

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Although ________ percent of the population was of African descent at the time of the Founding, only about ________ percent of this group was free from slavery.


A) 50; 10
B) 50; 1.5
C) 35; 10
D) 20; 1.5

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The original goal of strict registration requirements and scheduling of elections was to


A) reduce the influence of the electoral college in selecting the president.
B) eliminate the role of money in politics.
C) rid politics of corruption.
D) limit voting to property-owning white males.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is an example of direct action politics in the United States?


A) the Black Lives Matter protests
B) Oregon voters approving a measure to legalize recreational marijuana use in the 2014 election
C) Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election
D) the Republican takeover of the U.S.House of Representatives following the 2010 midterm elections

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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If a government led by a dictator was replaced with a government where a large number of citizens exercised influence over decision-making, this change would best be characterized as A shift from a(n)


A) autocracy to an oligarchy.
B) democracy to an oligarchy.
C) democracy to an autocracy.
D) autocracy to a democracy.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Approximately ________ percent of the world's population currently lives in a constitutional democracy.


A) 95
B) 75
C) 60
D) 40

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In 2014, the Supreme Court ruled that family businesses


A) could be exempted from the Affordable Care Act's requirement to cover contraception on the basis of religious objections.
B) could discriminate in their hiring practices on the basis of an applicant's religious affiliation.
C) would not have to provide any health insurance coverage to their employees.
D) could not opt out of providing contraceptive care under the Affordable Care Act, even if they raised religious objections.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The U.S.Constitution creates a system that underrepresents urban areas by


A) providing representation based on population in the U.S.House of Representatives.
B) providing each state with two U.S.senators regardless of population.
C) requiring federal officials to spend the same amount of money in rural and urban areas of the country.
D) requiring that federal officials impose higher taxes on people living in urban areas of the country.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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An autocracy exists when


A) the government is controlled by a single individual.
B) the government is controlled by a small but powerful group of people.
C) the constitution of a government is followed strictly.
D) citizens play a significant part in government by electing key public officials.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements concerning political values in the United States is MOST accurate?


A) American values often conflict with each other in practice.
B) Because of their diversity, Americans do not share a similar set of core political values.
C) The origins of American political values are found in the 1960s.
D) American politics relies on its value neutrality.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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The separate but equal doctrine was created in


A) Plessy v.Ferguson (1896) .
B) McCulloch v.Maryland (1819) .
C) Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954) .
D) Marbury v.Madison (1803) .

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The American population grew from approximately ________ million people in 1790 to approximately ________ million people in 2018.


A) 4; 327
B) 4; 150
C) 15; 327
D) 15; 150

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In the Declaration of Independence, which rights were declared inalienable?


A) "Life, Liberty and Equality."
B) "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
C) "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity."
D) "Life, Equality and the pursuit of Happiness."

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In American political culture, economic freedom is MOST closely linked to the idea of


A) job security.
B) capitalism.
C) the absence of income taxes.
D) a government-controlled stock market.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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In ________, the ________ secured the right to vote for African Americans.


A) 1870; Civil Rights Act
B) 1920; Fifteenth Amendment
C) 1965; Fifteenth Amendment
D) 1965; Voting Rights Act

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Those instrumental in the founding of the American Republic


A) explicitly outlawed political protest in the Constitution because they believed elections were sufficient enough to protect political freedom.
B) provided protections for political protest in the Constitution because they believed direct democracy was a better form of government than representative democracy.
C) provided protections for political protest in the Constitution because they believed elections were not enough to protect political freedom.
D) provided protections for political protest in the Constitution because they believed it was the only way to guarantee political equality.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Congressional law and Supreme Court decisions have ruled that undocumented immigrants are


A) entitled to both education and emergency health care in the United States.
B) prohibited from accessing both education and emergency health care in the United States.
C) entitled to education but not emergency health care in the United States.
D) entitled to emergency health care but not education in the United States.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The belief that political authority should rest with the people themselves is called


A) political equality.
B) pluralism.
C) popular sovereignty.
D) federalism.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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The incomes of middle-class Americans


A) have largely stagnated over the last 40 years.
B) have increased significantly over the last 40 years.
C) have decreased significantly over the last 40 years.
D) decreased significantly between 1976 and 1996 but have increased significantly since 1996.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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