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Young people are less susceptible to permanent pulpal damage than older people because with age the smaller pulp loses its reserve cells and is less able to resist trauma.


A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Each of the following accurately describes hypocalcified enamel EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?


A) Hydroxyapatite crystals are not full size.
B) The tooth may be more caries prone.
C) Enamel is less dense.
D) Enamel is more than 96% inorganic.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Pulp tissue consists of blood vessels,lymphatic vessels,nerves,fibroblasts,and collagen fibers.The nerves of the pulp are primarily sensory and transmit both pain and thermal sensations.


A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Once formed,the often stained primary cuticle can be removed by (Select all that apply. ) :


A) Regular toothbrushing
B) Dental scaling
C) Dental prophylaxis
D) Tooth bleaching

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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During the maturation stage of calcification,an ameloblast produces enamel at what rate?


A) 0.02 mm per hour
B) 2 mm per day
C) 4 mm per day
D) 10 mm per hour

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Tooth development is first seen at the incisal edge or cusp tip.

A) True
B) False

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Hundreds of odontoblasts are damaged when restoration is prepared and placed within a tooth.Sclerotic dentin forms in response to the trauma.


A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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The primary abnormality seen in pulp is pulp stones.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following are true of pulp stones (Select all that apply. ) ?


A) They are small,circular,calcified areas.
B) They occur in about 50% of people aged 70 to 80 years.
C) True pulp stones originate from ameloblasts.
D) False stones are most common.
E) False stones resemble an onion cut in cross section.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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An enamel spindle is an ameloblastic process that becomes trapped in dentin.Enamel spindles form in early development and are seen only histologically.


A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Enamel,dentin,and pulp develop from enamel organ.Enamel is derived from ectoderm whereas dentin and pulp are derived from mesoderm.


A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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After the ameloblast secretes the primary enamel cuticle it is called the reduced enamel epithelium because it becomes flattened and blends with outer enamel epithelial cells.


A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The dental papilla is derived from the ectoderm.It determines the shape of the developing crown.


A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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